公元1~4世纪丝绸之路的贸易模式——以贵霜史料与钱币为中心  

A Preliminary Study of Silk Road Trade Patterns in ca. 1st -4th centuries CE : Based mainly on materials concerning the Kushans

作　　者：万翔 林英[2] Wan Xiang;Lin Ying

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学马克思主义学院 [2]中山大学历史系

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2018年第2期30-61,共32页Studies of Maritime History

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目"西方古典中世纪文献中的丝绸之路研究”(项目批号:16XSS002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一丝绸之路历史的分期与贵霜时代的贸易模式从李希霍芬(Ferdinand von Richthofen)的经典定义算起,丝绸之路大约开始于西汉武帝时期的张骞凿空(公元前2世纪中叶以后),随公元1500年前后大航海时代到来进入尾声。在此段时期内,欧亚非三大洲之间的陆上交通线和海上交通线联结成为一体,组成西方各国与中国建立贸易联系的网络。Long-distance trade networks consisted of both maritime and overland routes had emerged long before the inception of Silk Road trade. Afterwards, the trade patterns of the Silk Road altered along with the vicissitudes of the agents of trading network. A comparison of the routes in the Memoirs on the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty with those of the Sui-Tang chronicles indicates marked difference between the trade patterns of the Kushan period and the later period when the Sogdians took control of the network. A survey of documentary materials and numismatic evidence concerning the Kushans in this paper enabled an analysis of the economic control of the Kushan Empire as well as its influence to the Silk Road trade. In particular, the monetary system of the Kushans was the major means of their economic control. After the collapse of the Kushan Empire, new trends emerged in the Silk Road trade in the fourth century CE, marking the end of the classical Silk Road of ancient empires and the beginning of a new trade pattern in the early medieval period.

关 键 词：丝绸之路 贸易 钱币 史料 大航海时代 交通线 汉武帝 

分 类 号：F752.9[经济管理—国际贸易] K12[经济管理—产业经济]