可降解塑料聚乳酸(PLA)生物降解性能进展  

Progress on Biodegradability of Degradable Plastic Polylactic Acid(PLA)

作　　者：史可 苏婷婷[1] 王战勇[1] SHI Ke;SU Tingting;WANG Zhanyong(College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University,Fushun,Liaoning 113001,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁石油化工大学化学化工与环境学部

出　　处：《塑料》2019年第3期36-41,共6页Plastics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570097)

摘　　要：聚乳酸( Poly( lactic acid),PLA)是 1 种可由生物质原料发酵产物乳酸聚合而成的生物可降解塑料。PLA 因具有良好的生物降解性、生物相容性、无毒及加工性能好的优点,而被广泛地应用在包装、农业、纺织和生物医学材料等领域。基于可循环利用和环境保护的目标,塑料生物降解性能的研究也成为当前研究的 1 个重要方面。针对近年来的 PLA 生物降解性能方面的研究进行了详细总结,重点总结了 PLA 的生物降解方法,包括生物堆肥降解、微生物降解以及酶促降解等方法;对降解后的 PLA 力学性能的变化进行说明;另外还阐述了 PLA 的生物降解机制;最后,展望了 PLA 生物降解性能研究的发展方向。Poly(lactic acid) is a kind of biodegradable plastics. It can be obtained by the polymerization of lactic acid,a fermentation product of biomass. Due to the good biodegradability,biocompatibility,non-toxicity,and good processing properties,PLA has been widely used in packaging,agriculture,textiles,and biomedical materials. To achieve natural recycling and environmental protection,the degradability of plastics has become an important issue in biodegradable materials. Studies on the biodegradation methods of PLA have been reviewed in detail,such as bio-compost degradation,microbial degradation,and enzymatic degradation. The change in mechanical properties of PLA is investigated after degradation. In addition,the biodegradation mechanism of PLA is debated. Finally,the future research fields of PLA biodegradation are summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 生物降解 降解酶 生物可降解塑料 降解机理 

分 类 号：TQ323.41[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] Q935[生物学—微生物学]