视力低常的学龄前儿童屈光不正的分布规律研究  

Study on the distribution law of refractive error in preschool children with eyesight dysfunction

作　　者：任芝莉[1] REN Zhili(Department of Ophthalmology, Huadu District People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510800, China)

机构地区：[1]广州市花都区人民医院眼科

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2019年第12期15-17,25,共4页China Medicine And Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的观察分析视力低常的学龄前儿童屈光不正的分布规律。方法选取本院随机(在2015年1月~2017年1月)搜集的120例(120眼)视力低常的学龄前儿童(3~6岁),所有儿童均接受图形视力表检查、对数视力表检查、Suresight手持式自动验光仪屈光检查。将视力低于0.8的患儿实施散瞳验光。结果(1)3岁学龄前儿童视力低常率为50.00%,4岁学龄前儿童视力低常率为16.67%,5岁学龄前儿童视力低常率为16.67%,6岁学龄前儿童视力低常率为16.67%,4、5、6岁学龄前儿童视力低常率比较无明显差异(P>0.05),3岁学龄前儿童视力低常率显著高于4、5、6岁学龄前儿童(P<0.05);(2)3岁学龄前儿童在屈光不正、远视、近视等方面的出现率明显高于4、5、6岁学龄前儿童(P<0.05);而3、4、5、6岁学龄前儿童混合散光的发生率无明显差异(P>0.05);(3)120例视力低常的学龄前儿童中共检出60例弱视儿童,占50.00%(60/120,28例中屈光不正性弱视、20例屈光参差性弱视、12例斜视性弱视),学龄前男童与学龄前女童在弱视检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3、4、5、6岁学龄前儿童的弱视检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3~6岁学龄前儿童年纪越小视力越差,年纪越大视力越好,因此也说明了学龄前期的儿童视力随着年龄的增长不断发育成熟;屈光不正分布规律显示3~6岁学龄前儿童远视是视力低下的主要发生原因,所以我们对其要做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。Objective To observe and analyze the distribution law of refractive error in preschool children with eyesight dysfunction. Methods 120 cases (120 eyes) aged from 3 to 6 years old with eyesight dysfunction in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were randomly selected. All the children were examined by graphic visual acuity chart, logarithmic visual acuity chart and Suresight automatic optometer refractive examination. The children whose eyesight was less than 0.8 were given mydriatic refractometry. Results (1) The rates of eyesight dysfunction in preschool children aged 3 years old, 4 years old, 5 years old and 6 years old were respectively 50.00%, 16.67%, 16.67% and 16.67%. There was no significant difference in rates of eyesight dysfunction in preschool children aged 3 years old, 4 years old, 5 years old and 6 years old (P > 0.05). The rate of eyesight dysfunction in preschool children aged 3 years old was significantly higher than that in children aged 4 years old, 5 years old and 6 years old (P < 0.05).(2) The incidence of refractive error, hyperopia and myopia in children aged 3 years old were significantly higher than those in children aged 4 years old, 5 years old and 6 years old (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of mixed astigmatism in preschool children aged 3 years old, 4 years old, 5 years old and 6 years old (P > 0.05).(3) In 120 preschool children with eyesight dysfunction, 60 were detected with amblyopia accounting for 50.00%(60/120). In the 60 cases, there were 28 cases of refractive amblyopia, 20 cases of anisometropic amblyopia and 12 cases of strabismic amblyopia. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of amblyopia between preschool boys and preschool girls (P > 0.05). The detection rates of amblyopia in preschoolers aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The younger the preschool children aged from 3 to 6 years old are, the worse their eyesight will be and the older they are, the better their

关 键 词：视力低常 学龄前儿童 屈光不正 分布规律 

分 类 号：R778[医药卫生—眼科]