音译外来词的语素化及词义生成模式研究  

On the Patterns of Morphemization and Semantic Generating of Transliterating Loanwords

作　　者：孙道功[1] Sun Daogong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2019年第2期147-154,共8页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目“基于语义知识库的名核结构的‘句法—语义’接口研究”(19YJA740048)

摘　　要：语素化是外来词融入汉语词汇系统的重要途径,同时也是外来词生命力强的重要体现。本研究以当前10部具有代表性的新词语词典中所收录的1536个音译外来词为考察对象,以“粉丝”一词为个案,分析了音译外来词语素化类型及词义生成模式。结论认为:音译外来词语素化模式包括词汇降格和音节升格两种类型。究竟会选择哪一种模式语素化,受到音节数量的制约,单音节词仅能选择词汇降格语素化方式,多音节词可以选择词汇降格和音节升格两种方式,但在构词能力方面音节升格语素化更占优势。在此基础上,本研究进一步以两种语素化类型形成的新词语为对象考察了与之对应的词义生成模式。Morphemization is an important way that loanwords integrate into Chinese vocabulary system, and it is also an significant performance of the strong vitality. Based on the 1536 transliterating loanwords, we collected them in the 10 representative neologism dictionaries. And uses the “Fensi”as the individual case, this paper analyzes the patterns and characteristics of morphemization. The conclusion is that morphemization embodies in two aspects: lexical degradation and syllable upgradation. Which pattern will be selected is restricted by Syllable quantities. Single - syllable loanwords can only choose lexical degradation, yet multisyllabic loanwords include two patterns: lexical degradation and syllable upgradation. And syllable upgradation of morphemization occupy a position of prominence in the productivity. Finally, based on the Semantic Ball theory, the semantic structure of new words after morphemization are analyzed, and two kinds of semantic generating patterns are proposed in semantic morpheme - formation.

关 键 词：音译词 语素化 词义球理论 词义生成模式 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]