不同职业放射暴露环境工作人员染色体和微核发生变化的影响因素分析  

Factors influencing the changes of chromosome and micronucleus among workers exposed to different occupational radiation environments

作　　者：赖专华[1,2] 庄贵华 武永平 张克俭[1,2] 杨海峰 LAI Zhuan-hua;ZHUANG Gui-hua;WU Yong-ping;ZHANG Ke-jian;YANG Hai-feng(Baoji Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baoji,Shaanxi 721006,China;Baoji Institute of Preventive Medicine,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Baoji,Shaanxi 721006,China;School of Public Health,Health Science Center,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 721061,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心,陕西宝鸡721006 [2]西安交通大学宝鸡预防医学研究院,陕西宝鸡721006 [3]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西西安721061

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2019年第7期827-831,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨不同职业放射暴露环境工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体发生畸变和微核发生变化的危险因素,为评价各类职业放射暴露环境工作人员健康水平提供依据。方法收集2012年宝鸡市372名职业放射暴露环境工作人员(医用X线诊断139名,工业探伤106名,烟厂卷接工95名,工业同位素应用32名)的一般人口学、工龄、职业放射暴露环境及染色体和微核变化的数据。采用χ^2检验、多因素logistic回归等方法进行统计分析。结果不同年龄组职业放射暴露环境工作人员的微核率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同工龄组的ace畸变率、染色体型畸变率、染色体畸变总率和微核率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);不同职业放射暴露环境工作人员的无着丝粒断片(acentricfragment,ace)畸变率和染色体型畸变率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄和放射工龄是职业放射暴露环境工作人员发生ace畸变(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.018~1.112)、染色体型畸变(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.021~1.108)、染色体总畸变(OR=1.038,95%CI:1.006~1.071)和外周血淋巴细胞产生微核(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.037~1.091)的危险因素,随着年龄和放射工龄增加,其发生ace畸变、染色体型畸变、染色体总畸变和外周血淋巴细胞产生微核的风险增加。烟厂卷接工的放射暴露环境是发生染色体型畸变、染色单体畸变和染色体总畸变的危险因素。烟厂卷接工发生ace畸变、染色体型畸变、染色单体畸变和染色体总畸变的危险分别是医用X线诊断的3.679(95%CI:1.310~10.335)、3.637(95%CI:1.405~9.413)、3.649(95%CI:1.488~8.951)、3.794(95%CI:1.795~8.017)倍。人均年有效剂量与职业放射暴露环境工作人员外周血淋巴细胞发生变化无关。结论职业放射暴露环境对工作人员的外周血淋巴细胞产生一定的影响。年龄和放射工龄也与外周血淋巴细胞发生改变有关。与其他职业放射暴露环境相比,烟厂卷接工作�Objective To explore the risk factors of chromosome aberration and micronucleus changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to different occupational radiation environments so as to provide a basis for evaluating the health status of workers exposed to different occupational radiation environments.Methods We collected the data regarding general demography, length of service, occupational radiation exposure environment, and the changes of chromosome and micronucleus of 372 workers exposed to occupational radiation (including 139 workers exposed to medical X-ray, 106 exposed to industrial flaw detection, 95 exposed to coiling in cigarette factory , and 32 exposed to industrial isotope) in Baoji City in 2012. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analyses.Results There were statistically significant differences in the micronucleus rate among occupational radiation exposure workers with different ages (P<0.05), in the acentric fragment aberration rate, chromosome pattern aberration rate, total chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate among workers with different length of service (P<0.01), and in the acentric fragment aberration rate and the chromosome pattern aberration rate among workers exposed to different occupational radiation environments (P<0.05). Age and working years with professional radiation were the risk factors for the occurrence of acentric fragment aberration(OR=1.064, 95%CI:1.018-1.112), chromosome pattern aberration(OR=1.064, 95%CI:1.021-1.108), the total chromosome aberration (OR=1.038, 95%CI:1.006-1.071) and micronucleus in peripheral blood lymphocytes (OR=1.064, 95%CI:1.037-1.091), and all the above-mentioned risks increased with the increasing age and length of radioactive service. Exposure to coiling in cigarette factory was the risk factor for the occurrence of chromosome pattern aberration, chromatid aberration and the total chromosome aberration (P<0.05). The risk ratios of occurring acentric fragment aberration, chromosome pat

关 键 词：放射 职业暴露 染色体畸变 微核 危险因素 

分 类 号：R14[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]