章学诚“文”“史”汇通明义学术观念之新探  

Construct the New Cognitive System of the Academic History of Ancient China——On Zhang Xuecheng’s Academic Ideas of Integration and Compatibility of “Literature” and “History”

作　　者：薛璞喆 俞钢[2] XUE Puzhe;YU Gang

机构地区：[1]商洛学院历史系,陕西商洛726000 [2]上海师范大学人文与传播学院,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第4期145-152,共8页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目资助(13&ZD116);国家社科基金一般项目资助(16BZW100)

摘　　要：章学诚在对中国古代学术考镜源流的基础上,进一步阐释了汇通明义的学术观念。他继承和发展了《文心雕龙》《史通》等传统学术理论思想,系统梳理了传统经、史、子、集四部之学的演变,力图将中国古代学术成果汇通于“文”“史”两大流脉之下而加以重新整合。在章学诚看来,文史之间是春华和秋实的关系,文可辅史,史亦可益文,两者的汇通就可以求取蕴含其中的义旨;这实际上就是在用“学术”的概念,客观地揭示中国古代学术史演进的规律。章学诚认为,学者除了具备才、学、识三者外,更应具有“史德”和“文德”。通过系统的论析,章氏构建了中国古代学术史新的认识体系。Zhang Xuecheng in Qing Dynasty put forward the ideas of distinguishing schools of thought of ancient books ac cording to their edition, and he further elaborated academic ideas of integration and compatibility of “literature” and “history”. He inherited and developed the traditional academic ideas of The Literary Mind and Carving of Dragons and Shi Tong (Generali ties on History), and gave a systematic account of academic evolution of Confucian classics, history, philosophy and belles-let ters, so that the academic achievements of ancient China can be integrated between “literature” and “history”. In Zhang Xuech eng’s opinion, literature can implement history, and history can also be beneficial to literature. The integration and compatibility of “literature” and “history” was to seek the hidden gist of learning. Zhang Xuecheng held that scholars should not only stick to the ideas of “morality guiding the study of history and literature”, but also possess talent, learning and knowledge. Zhang Xuech eng thoroughly, comprehensively, systematically discussed the integration and compatibility of “literature” and “history”, and constructed the new cognitive system of the academic history of ancient China.

关 键 词：章学诚 学术史 文史汇通明义 学术观念 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]