故宫宁寿宫装饰彩瓷嵌片釉彩料的分析研究  

Analysis and research on decorative overglaze porcelain panels in Ning Shou Gong Garden of the Forbidden City

作　　者：段鸿莺[1] 刘瀚文 杨玉洁 赵丛山 李越[2] 曲亮[1] 雷勇[1] DUAN Hongying;LIU Hanwen;YANG Yujie;ZHAO Congshan;LI Yue;QU Liang;LEI Yong(Conservation Science Department,the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Architectural Heritage Department,the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文保科技部,北京100009 [2]故宫博物院古建部,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2019年第3期59-67,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院科研课题资助(KT201511);养心殿研究性保护研究课题资助(KTYXD2016-17)

摘　　要：故宫宁寿宫花园延趣楼、萃赏楼内檐装修釉上彩瓷装饰嵌片,是研究乾隆时期釉上彩瓷的珍贵标本。本研究采用X射线荧光能谱仪、显微激光拉曼光谱仪和实体显微镜,对乾隆时期釉上彩瓷样品进行无损分析。结果表明,蓝色、胭脂红色釉彩的基底釉为铅钾玻璃,白色、黄色、黄绿色、绿色釉彩的基底釉为铅玻璃。白彩的乳浊剂和着色剂为砷酸铅;蓝彩的乳浊剂为砷酸铅,着色元素为Co;黄彩为铅锡黄Ⅱ型乳浊及着色;黄绿彩为铅锡黄Ⅱ型和Cu共同作用;胭脂红彩为Au着色;绿彩为Cu着色;黑彩需覆盖透明绿彩于珠明料上才能完全发色;橘红彩为赤铁矿着色和乳浊;棕彩则为赤铁矿和Mn、Co共同着色。本研究成果可为乾隆时期釉上彩瓷的原料与工艺研究提供基础数据。Overglaze porcelain inlay panels used for the interior decoration of Yan Qu Lou and Cui Shang Lou in Ning Shou Gong Garden of the Forbidden City are precious specimens for investigating the craftsmanship of overglaze porcelain from the Qianlong period. In our study, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer, a micro-laser Raman spectrometer and an optical microscope were used to non-destructively analyze overglaze porcelain samples from the Qianlong period. The results show that the base glaze for blue and rouge red colors is lead-potassium glass, while that of white, yellow, yellow green and green colors is lead glass. For the white color, the opacifier and colorant are both lead arsenate;for the blue color, the colorant element is cobalt (Co) and the opacifier is lead arsenate;for the yellow color, the opacifier and colorant are lead tin yellow (type II);formation of the yellow green color was the coactions of lead tin yellow (type II) and copper (Cu);for the rouge red and green colors, the colorant elements are gold (Au) and copper (Cu), respectively;the black color was fully presented by covering the transparent green color over asbolite (Zhumingliao);the orange color was colored and opacified by hematite;and the brown color was formed by the coactions of hematite and elements manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co).

关 键 词：乾隆时期 釉上彩 乳浊剂 着色剂 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]