词曲长短句的定式与一字一音、损益方法的关系  

The Relation between the Formula of Long and Short Sentences and the Method of One Word and One Tone,Increase and Decrease in Ciqu

作　　者：张哲俊[1] Zhang Zhejun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2019年第6期81-90,共10页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“五山文学别集的校注与研究”(15ZDB089)

摘　　要：词曲以长短句为主的原因是宋代以来一直探讨的问题,古今学者皆以为长短句是音乐影响的结果,然而仅仅提到音乐对歌词的影响,无法明白长短句与音乐究竟具有怎样的关系,不会了解采用长短句的真正原因,实际上相当多的齐言体也是音乐文学。宋元词曲采用长短句为主的原因是一字一音的辞乐关系,在一字一音的辞乐关系中,只能通过长短不齐的句式达到旋律需要的不齐之美和流动之感。宋元词曲能够采用损益方法,格外重视字数与句式的原因也在于一字一音的辞乐关系。The main reason for the Long and Short Sentences in Ciqu is that they have been discussed since the Song Dynasty.Scholars of ancient and modern times all think that the Long and Short Sentences are the result of the influence of music.However,just mentioning the influence of music on lyrics,we can not understand the relationship between Long and Short Sentences and music,nor the real reason for the use of Long and Short Sentences.In fact,quite a lot of Qi-Yan style Ciqu are also music literature.The main reason for the use of Long and Short Sentences in Song and Yuan Ciqu is the relationship of one word and one tone between words and music.In the relationship between words and music,we can only achieve the uneven beauty and flowing sense of melody through the uneven sentence patterns.Song and Yuan Ciqu can adopt the profit and loss method,paying special attention to the number of words and sentence patterns.It also lies in the relationship between words and music.

关 键 词：宋元词曲 长短句 一字一音 损益方法 平仄格律 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]