句末助词“看”的句法和语义  

The Syntax and Semantics of the Tentative Particle Kan in Chinese: From the Perspective of the New Descriptivism

作　　者：隋娜[1] 胡建华[2] SUI Na;HU Jianhua(School of Foreign Languages,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangdong 510006)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学外国语学院,山东省曲阜市273165 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京市东城区100732

出　　处：《当代语言学》2019年第3期350-363,共14页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“论元选择中的显著性和局部性研究”(14AYY016);国家社会科学基金一般项目“形式句法语段理论与名词短语的句法、语义和形态研究”(16BYY003)的资助;教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“重叠的句法和语义研究”(15YJC740070)

摘　　要：本文以形式句法为分析工具对汉语句末语气助词“看”的微观句法语义进行深度描写和刻画本文发现虽然“看”不能用于关系从句、附加语从句即表现出主句效应但是却可以出现在“打算”“想法”等名词的补足语从句之中除此之外“看”多用于祈使句用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句时则受限。This paper investigates the syntax and semantics of the sentence-final particle (SFP) kan ‘to look’ in Mandarin Chinese, which is treated as a tentative particle according to Chao (1968). In the following examples,(1) is ungrammatical if it goes without kan . However, in (2a) kan is not allowed to occur. This shows that kan is different from the sentence-final particle ba (吧), which can often be optionally deleted, as shown by (2b).(1) women our laoshi teacher ke very yan strict le. LE. ni you bu not wancheng finish zuoye assignment *(kan). KAN ‘Our teacher is very strict. You try not to finish your assignment and see.’(2) a. wo I wang forget dai take yaoshi key le. LE. ni you kaimen open.door (*kan). KAN ‘I forgot to take the key with me. You open the door.’ b. wo I wang forget dai take yaoshi key le. LE. ni you kaimen open.door (ba). BA ‘I forgot to take the key with me. You open the door please.’ Different from SFPs ba , ma (吗) and ne (呢), which are strictly prohibited in embedded clauses, kan can occur in the complement clause of the lexical modal verbs such as dasuan ‘intend’, xiangyao ‘want’, as well as the complement of the derived nouns like dasuan ‘intention’, xiangfa ‘idea’, though its occurrence is highly restricted in embedded clauses in general, as shown below.(3) a.[yinggai should shishi try.try (*kan) KAN de] DE xin new suanfa method ‘the new method that (one) should try and see what happens’ b.[yinggai should shishi try.try kan KAN de] DE xiangfa idea ‘the idea that (one) should try and see what happens’ c.[yinggai should shishi try.try (*ba) BA de] DE xiangfa idea ‘the idea that (one) should have a try’ We propose that kan is a functional category Mood tentative in the CP domain, which takes IP as its complement. Mood tentative P is dominated by the functional category Force, where SFPs ba , ma and ne are placed.

关 键 词：新描写主义 助词“看” 句法分布 主句效应 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]