可移动式轻简化红枣除杂机的研制  

Development of a movable and simplified jujube separator

作　　者：杨丙辉[1,2] 闫树军 赵劲飞[1] 陈光 廖结安 YANG Binghui;YAN Shujun;ZHAO Jinfei;CHEN Guang;LIAO Jiean(Tarim University Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Alar 843300, Xinjiang,China;The Key Laboratory of Colleges & Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第7期875-883,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016YFD0701504);塔里木大学现代农业工程重点实验室开放课题(TDNG20150201);塔里木大学青年创新资金(TDZKQN201605)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨目前南疆红枣采收作业的现状,为解决矮化密植型枣园红枣收获时遇到的捡拾作业效率低、成本高、除杂设备落后等问题提供依据。【方法】应用机械设计的理论与方法,基于南疆目前的红枣种植模式和清扫式收获作业方式,以新疆红枣收获除杂为研究对象,采用风吹和筛分相结合的方案,研制了一种可移动的轻简化田间红枣除杂机。该设备的动力由小型汽油机提供,通过V带驱动鼓风机将含杂物料中混着的枣叶、灰尘及其他轻杂质吹到轻杂质沉降室中;同时物料中混着的小石子、土块等重杂质在滚动通过复合筛面时被分离,从而完成含杂物料的除杂工作。【结果】通过田间试验验证了机具的基本性能,试验表明:样机除杂率为87.6%,损失率为2.3%,生产率为396 kg·h^-1,较人工捡拾除杂效率提高了约5 倍,除杂率、损失率和作业效率基本达到了设计的要求。【结论】可移动式轻简化红枣除杂机的研制,为捡枣作业人员提供了一种可以提高效率、降低劳动强度的辅助作业机具;田间试验验证了机具的基本性能,也为机具的进一步优化改进提供了参考,有一定的市场应用前景。【Objective】Xinjiang is one of the main producing areas of jujube in China, which is more distinctive in southern Xinjiang because of its special climate. However, at present most of the jujube harvest in southern Xinjiang is mainly completed by artificial picking, with low efficiency, high cost and time consuming. Although some research institutions and enterprises have developed many machines and tools to try mechanized harvesting, the practical application effect is still unsatisfactory;and therefore, artificial harvesting will continue to exist for a long time. There are two main ways for the artificial jujube harvesting: one is cherry-picking operation and the other is picking up operation by sweeping. The cherry-picking operation can get clean red dates easily but the operation efficiency is low;and the picking up operation by sweeping can get high efficiency and good effect, but with a higher rate of impurity. And now the artificial collecting by sweeping method has been improved with relatively high efficiency and good effect, so that it has been applied increasingly. Unfortunately, the pickedup jujube by sweeping contains much impurity, such as leaves, small branches, broken soil, sand and other debris that need to be removed. Now the simple screen mesh is used with low efficiency and undesirable effect. There are no specialized impurity removal tools available currently so that it is urgent to develop a suitable and portable impurity removal equipment to improve the situation. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to solve the problem of removing the impurity in the process of picking up thjujube. Specifically, according to the operation characteristics of picking up jujube and the impurity situation, a special equipment for removing impurity from the jujube was developed. The machine can solve the problem, and obtain a higher pick-up efficiency, better effect and lower cost. For this purpose, this study will analyze the component composition of mixed jujube, the size of the date and the impur

关 键 词：红枣 可移动式除杂机 辅助捡枣 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]