现代汉语“得”字状态补语的类型及生成方式  

The types of Chinese“DE”: Complements and their generation( p. 24)

作　　者：李绍艳 彭家法[1] LI Shaoyan;PENG Jiafa(College of Liberal Arts,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学

出　　处：《外文研究》2019年第1期24-32,107,共10页Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语句法语义互动中的功能成分研究”(13BYY001);安徽大学学术学位硕士研究生学术创新研究扶持和强化项目“面向汉语国际教育的现代汉语‘得’字状态补语研究”(yfc100051)

摘　　要：本文意在考察现代汉语"得"字状态补语的类型及生成方式,同时对这类状态补语的生成机制进行解释."得"字状态补语可以分为表动作结果状态的补语和表动作本身状态的补语两大类.按照语义类型的因子分类法(factorial typology),这两大类都可以做进一步的下位分类.现实语料调查表明,"NP+V1得+V2P"类结构的使用数量较多,其余种类使用较少.文章从"句法结构制图"角度出发,运用"轻动词理论"对各类"得"字状态补语的生成方式进行了探讨."NP1+V1得+NP2+V2P"(如"他骑得马很累")结构中NP2"马"不是主句动词"骑"的宾语.在生成过程中,引起者(Causer)和被引起者(Causee)都是事件(使役事件和结果事件),由小句表达.表示动作结果状态的"得"字状态补语中"得"的性质为含致使语义的轻动词,表动作本身状态的"得"字状态补语中"得"为结构助词,这两种"得"都是具有黏附性质的功能语类.This paper intends to investigate the types and generation of “DE” state complements in modern Chinese, and to explain the generation mechanism of such state complements. The “DE” state complement can be divided into two categories: the complement of the action result state and the complement of the action state. According to the factorial typology, the two categories can make further subcategories. The actual corpus survey shows that the number of “NP+V1+V2P” category is higher, and the rest of the categories are used less. From the perspective of “Cartography of syntactic structure”, the article uses “light verb theory” to explore the generation methods of various “DE” state complements. NP2 in the structure “NP1+V1 DE+NP2 +V2P” is not the object of the main sentence verb. During the generation process, Causer and Causee are both events (caused event and result event), which are expressed by clauses. The nature of “DE” in the action result state complement is a light verb with Cause semantics, and the “DE” in the action state complement is a structural particle. These two kinds of “DE” are all functional categories with adhering properties.

关 键 词：“得” 状态补语 语义类型 句法结构制图 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]