基于生态安全格局与多尺度景观连通性的城市生态源地识别  

Recognition of urban ecological source area based on ecological security pattern and multi-scale landscape connectivity

作　　者：吴茂全 胡蒙蒙 汪涛 凡宸 夏北成[1] WU Maoquan;HU Mengmeng;WANG Tao;FAN Chen;XIA Beicheng(School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China;Shenzhen Degree of Freedom Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510000 [2]深圳市自由度环保科技有限公司,深圳518000

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第13期4720-4731,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0502803)

摘　　要：高度城市化区域面临着严峻的生态环境问题,生态安全格局构建是保障城市生态安全的重要途径。生态源地的科学识别一直是生态安全格局构建的技术难点。以高度城市化的深圳市为例,从社会-经济-自然三方面要素构建DPSIR模型评估区域生态安全,并基于景观连通性的多尺度分析识别生态源地。研究表明:(1)深圳市生态安全格局呈现东南部、东北部优良,中部、西部区域警告的空间特征,其中安全区、较安全区、基本安全区、预警、中警分别占比30.34%、13.49%、9.85%、9.15%和37.17%;(2)通过连接度、聚合度、内聚力和分离度4个景观连通性测度指标的主成分分析,可知400 m是深圳市生态源地景观连通性最优的识别尺度,斑块最小识别阈值面积为0.8 km^2;(3)深圳市生态源地面积为753.78 km2,占全市总面积的37.74%,主要为深圳市东南部与西部区域的林地和水域用地,其中包含了86.87%的法定保护区,且91.92%的区域落入生态控制线范围内;(4)基于生态安全格局与多尺度景观连通性的生态源地识别方法可为城市生态源地的识别提供新思路,从而有效指导城市规划。Highly urbanized regions are faced with serious environmental issues.The construction of ecological security patterns is an important approach to protecting urban ecological security.There are some technical difficulties in identifying ecological source areas in highly urbanized regions,like Shenzhen,the study area of this paper.Reviewing the existing research on recognition methods for important patches,it was found that the commonly used method is relatively simple,based on biodiversity as well as the importance of ecosystem services.However,these methods are biased towards considering the structure and function of the patch itself,while ignoring the importance of patches in the entire matrix structure and human factors.Therefore,this paper attempted to apply a comprehensive recognition method for landscape connectivity and ecological security to recognize the ecological source area.The framework of DPSIR was applied to establish an ecological security assessment index system from three aspects:social,economic,and natural factors.Further,to explore the optimal scale of ecological source areas,a recognition method was established based on multi-scale landscape connectivity.The results are as follows:(1)The ecological security pattern of Shenzhen is excellent in the southeast and northeast,and not good in the central and western regions.The area ratios for different grades of ecological security are 30.34%,13.49%,9.85%,9.15%,and 37.17%for gradesⅤ,Ⅳ,Ⅲ,Ⅱ,andⅠ,respectively.(2)Through principal component analysis of four landscape connectivity indicators,namely,connectance,aggregation,cohesion,and separation,it was found that the landscape connectivity of ecological source areas in Shenzhen appears optimally when 400 m was applied as the landscape component scale and the minimum recognition threshold area of patches was 0.8 km^2.(3)The total area of the ecological source areas was 753.78 km2 based on the high grades of ecological security,accounting for 37.74%of the total area of Shenzhen.The ecological sou

关 键 词：DPSIR模型 生态安全 多尺度 景观连通性 生态源地 深圳市 

分 类 号：TU984.115[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]