制度创新如何面对自动驾驶——基于道路测试制度的观察与反思  

How Institutional Innovation Face Autonomous Driving——An Observation and Reflection Based on Road Testing Norms

作　　者：刘骏[1] Liu Jun(Southwest University of Political Science & Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2019年第7期44-51,60,共9页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“公共规制的社会可接受性及实现路径研究”(13CFX009)

摘　　要：自动驾驶技术作为人工智能领域的先驱者,其发展受到制度等因素的掣肘,回应型的制度创新是自动驾驶国际竞争格局下的必然选择,而当前的技术发展正处于道路测试阶段,围绕道路测试的制度创新已成为最迫切的问题。通过梳理既有自动驾驶道路测试制度发现,制度学习和制度竞争是其制度形成的主要路径,但这种制度创新也并非完美无瑕,中国当前的制度存在背离法治原则、部分规范笼统、缺乏公众参与、社会影响存疑四大难题,致使自动驾驶技术在国际竞争处于劣势。理想的自动驾驶道路测试制度应该尽可能鼓励创新测试和防控高概率的安全性风险,并确立“中央制度框架+地方竞争规则”的制度体系,保障中国的自动驾驶技术在国际竞争中处于领先地位。As the pioneer of artificial intelligence,autonomous driving is constrained by factors such as institutions,and responsive institutional innovation is an inevitable choice under the international competition pattern in autonomous driving.The current technological development is in the road test phase,and the test institutional innovation has become the most pressing issue.Through sorting out the existing autonomous driving road testing institutions,it is found that institutional learning and institutional competition are the main paths for the formation of its institutions,but this institutional innovation is also not perfect.The following problems in the current institutions of China led to the disadvantage of automatic driving in international competition:deviating from the principle of the rule of law,partial norms and generalities,lack of public participation,neglecting of social influence.The ideal automated driving road testing system should encourage innovation testing and prevention of high-probability safety risks as much as possible,and establish a system of “central institutional framework + local competition rules ”,which can be achieved through institutional learning,institutional competition to overcome practical problems and realize overtaking of curves to ensure that China's autonomous driving is in a leading position in international competition.

关 键 词：自动驾驶 道路测试制度 制度创新 制度竞争 制度学习 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]