扬雄“蝇,东齐谓之羊”古今考  

An investigation of Yang Xiong’s comment “Ying,dongqi weizhi yang” (Ying(fly) is pronounced as yang in East Qi)

作　　者：钱曾怡 QIAN Zengyi

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第4期387-391,510,共6页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：扬雄《方言》“蝇,东齐谓之羊”。在现代山东中部一些方言中,双音词“苍蝇”读为ts'a■^213-21ia■^0,说明西汉时期“蝇”为“羊”的读音至今仍然保存。本文用地图显示其分布地区,并从古代文献和今山东方言两方面进行考察说明:历代文献并没有单字“蝇”作“羊”的记载;从现代山东方言的情况推断,东齐谓之“羊”的“蝇”字,当是在双音节“苍蝇”这个词中,后字的韵母受前字韵母同化的结果:苍a■蝇i■→苍ia■蝇ia■。In his Fangyan ( Dialect 方言) Yang Xiong (扬雄) mentioned that ying is pronounced as yang in East Qi ( Ying, dongqi weizhi yang (蝇,东齐谓之羊)). This indicates that, during the Western Han Dynasty, people in this area customarily pronounced “ ying (蝇)” as “ yang (羊)”. Nowadays in the central area of Shandong Province, a number of local dialects also pronounce the disyllabic word “ cang-ying ”(苍蝇) as [ts'a■^213-21ia■^0]. This shows that the Western Han pronunciation of 蝇[i■^0] as 羊[ia■^0] has been preserved. With the geographical distributions of modern dialects which exhibit this feature being presented, this article compares the evidence from ancient literature and that from modern Shandong dialects, and argues that there are no historical records suggesting that “ ying ”, in monosyllabic form, was pronounced as “ yang ”. The observations shared by Yang Xiong and us are in fact the result of sound assimilation to the preceding vowel:苍a■蝇i■→苍ia■蝇ia■.

关 键 词：扬雄方言 蝇 苍蝇 古今考 山东方言 复音词 音变 同化 

分 类 号：H171[语言文字—汉语]