同步营养肥在春玉米上的施用效果与环境效应  

Effects of Synchronous Nutrient Fertilizer on Spring Maize Production and Environment

作　　者：王寅[1] 尹释玉 高强[1] 冯国忠[1] 樊小林[2] WANG Yin;YIN Shiyu;GAO Qiang;FENG Guozhong;FAN Xiaolin(College of Resources and Environment,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [2]华南农业大学资源与环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2019年第3期322-327,共6页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003);国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)

摘　　要：通过在吉林省中部黑土和黑钙土区设置大田试验,研究同步营养肥(SNF)在春玉米上的施用效果与环境效应。结果表明:黑土区SNF处理玉米产量为9551kg/hm^2,略低于常规分次施肥(CSF)处理,高于一次性施肥(SBF)处理,但与二者差异均不显著。黑钙土区SNF处理玉米产量为8937kg/hm^2,显著高于SBF处理。产量性状显示,SNF处理玉米百粒重在2种土壤条件下均显著高于SBF处理。黑土区不同施肥处理玉米植株干物质量和氮素累积量在苗期至灌浆期差异均不显著,成熟期以CSF处理显著高于SBF处理,而与SNF处理差异不显著;黑钙土区SNF处理植株干物质量自吐丝期开始显著高于SBF处理,植株氮素累积量在整个生育期内均为最高,且显著高于CSF和SBF处理。黑土区SNF处理的氮肥回收利用率和农学利用率分别为27.1%和7.8kg/kg,高于SBF处理,但差异不显著;黑钙土区分别为38.9%和12.2kg/kg,显著高于CSF和SBF处理。氮素损失方面,黑土和黑钙土区SNF处理的N2O排放量、氮素淋失量分别为1.21,26.8kg/hm^2和1.17,25.6kg/hm^2,均显著少于SBF处理。这说明,同步营养肥在春玉米上具有良好的增产效果和环境效应,有利于实现轻简化条件下春玉米生产的高产高效和环境友好。Filed experiments were conducted in black soil and chernozem regions in the middle of Jilin province,aiming to study the effects of synchronous nutrient fertilizer( SNF) on spring maize production and environment. The results showed that maize yield was 9 551 kg/hm^2 in SNF treatment in black soil,which was slightly lower than that in conventional split fertilization( CSF) treatment and higher than that in single basal fertilization( SBF) treatment,but the differences were both insignificant. Maize yield was 8 937 kg/hm^2 in SNF treatment in chernozem,which was significantly higher than that in SBF treatment. Compared with SBF treatment,significantly higher 100-grain weight was observed in SNF treatment in both soil types. In black soil,plant dry matter accumulation and N uptake showed no differences between various fertilization treatments from seedling stage to filling stage. At maturity,CSF treatment showed significantly higher plant dry matter accumulation and N uptake than SBF treatment but had no differences with SNF treatment. In chernozem,SNF treatment from significantly higher plant dry matter accumulation than SBF treatment from silking stage,and obtained the highest N uptake through whole growing season. The N recovery efficiency and agronomy efficiency of SNF treatment were 27. 1% and 7. 8 kg/kg in black soil,respectively,which were higher than those in SBF treatment but did not show significant differences. The above N use efficiencies of SNF treatment were 38. 9% and 12. 2 kg/kg in chernozem,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in CSF and SBF treatments. For N loss in SNF treatment,N2 O Emission and N leaching were 1. 21 and 26. 8 kg/hm^2 in black soil,respectively,which were 1. 17 and 25. 6 kg/hm^2 in chernozem,respectively. All the above values were significantly lower than those in SBF treatment. In conclusion,SNF showed superior performance in maize yield,N uptake,and environmental effect,which could be recommended as an effective technical approach with high yield,high N use

关 键 词：春玉米 同步营养肥 产量 氮肥利用率 环境效应 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]