试论马克思哲学立场的当代意义——兼论治国原则与重建社会存在本体论  

Contemporary Significance for Marx’s Philosophical Stand:Also on the Principles of Governance and the Reconstruction of Ontology for Social Existence

作　　者：孙承叔[1] SUN Chengshu(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2019年第4期78-87,共10页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：观察现代社会有两种基本的哲学立场,一种是市民社会立场,另一种是人类社会立场。市民社会本意是指一个社会的经济领域,而人类社会则是指人们生活的总体,包括经济、政治和所有人的生活领域。站在市民社会立场看问题并维护市民社会利益,虽然有利于经济的发展,但作为一种治国理念,必将导致社会的两极分化和动荡,其实质是把市民社会的原则即资本原则、利润原则、金钱原则作为国家治理的根本原则,导致社会和人民的边缘化。马克思认为在经济、政治、社会三者关系中,只有人类社会是最高存在,不是经济、政治高于社会,而是社会高于政治和经济,政治、经济只有在为人民和社会服务时才是合法和合理的。人类社会构成政治、经济的本体论基础。坚持社会主义必须坚持人类社会的哲学立场和治国理念。走市场经济发展道路,必须把人民的利益放在首位,使整个社会共同富裕。坚持社会主义方向,就必须要有系统的社会理论,必须从根基上重建马克思的社会存在本体论。There are two types of philosophical stands to observe modern societies.One is the stand of civil society while the other is the stand of human society.Civil society originally refers to the economic dimension of a society while human society refers to the totality of human life that covers economic,political and every other dimension of life for every human being.Although it is beneficial for economic development to observe issues from the stand of civil society and defend the interests of civil society,it will definitely lead to social polarization and unrest as a state governance ideal that in essence takes the principles of civil society,i.e.,the principles of capital,profits and money as the fundamental principle for state governance to marginalize the society and the people.In Marx’s view,it’s the human society that is the highest existence over economy and politics in the trilateral relationship instead of being vice versa.Only when serve the people and the society,are politics and economy legitimate and rational.Human society is the ontological foundation for politics and economy.To uphold socialism requires upholding the philosophical stand and stating governance ideal of human society.To follow the development path of market economy requires putting people’s interests first and making the entire society get rich together.To stick to the socialist direction,we must have systemic social theory and must reconstruct Marx’s ontology for social existence from its very basis.

关 键 词：市民社会 人类社会 治国原则 社会主义 社会存在本体论 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D616[政治法律—政治学]