同域分布的两种有尾类的产卵生境  

Spawning habitats of two sympatric species of Urodela

作　　者：王恒 韩雷[1] 赵文阁[1] 刘鹏[1] WANG Heng;HAN Lei;ZHAO Wen-Ge;LIU Peng(College of Life Sciences and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第7期2113-2119,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2016035)资助

摘　　要：2018年4—5月,采用直接观察方法,对长白山地区同域分布的极北鲵(Salamandrella keyserlingii)和东北小鲵(Hynobius leechii)的产卵时间、卵袋附着物、产卵场和产卵位点的生境因子进行调查。结果表明:两种有尾类在产卵时间和产卵场空间分布上存在重叠,海拔可能是导致这两种有尾类单独或共存分布的重要因素;极北鲵卵袋的附着物主要为水草,占66.15%,而东北小鲵卵袋的附着物主要为枯枝,占71.60%;两种有尾类的产卵场生境无显著差异,但在产卵位点的产卵深度、水温和水面杂物盖度等微生境方面存在显著差异,极北鲵选择在产卵深度较浅、水温较高、水面杂物盖度较大的地方产卵,东北小鲵选择在产卵深度较深、水温较低、水面杂物盖度较小的地方产卵。由此可知,产卵位点的生境分离是这两种同域分布的有尾类共存的主要原因。The spawning time,egg bag attachment,spawning site,and oviposition site habitat of the Siberian salamander( Salamandrella keyserlingii) and the Northeastern China salamander( Hynobius leechii) in Changbai Mountain were measured from April to May 2018. The results showed that there were overlaps in the spawning time and the spawning sites between the two sympatric species,with the altitude being an important factor driving their separation or coexistence. Aquatic vegetation was the dominant attachment of egg bags in Salamandrella keyserlingii,accounting for 66. 15% of the total,while dead branches were the dominant attachment of egg bags in Hynobius leechii,accounting for 71.60%. There was no significant difference in the spawning sites,but with significant differences in the microhabitat of oviposition sites such as depth of oviposition,water temperature and coverage ratio of sundries. Oviposition sites of Salamandrella keyserlingii were shallower,higher in water temperature and coverage ratio of sundries than that of Hynobius leechii. It is concluded that the habitat separation of the spawning sites is the main reason for the coexistence of the two sympatric species.

关 键 词：极北鲵 东北小鲵 同域分布 生境分离 共存机制 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]