2015年中国生态系统生态破坏损失核算研究  

Cost of Ecological Degradation Accounting in China in 2015

作　　者：马国霞 周夏飞 彭菲 周颖 Ma Guoxia;Zhou Xiafei;Peng Fei;Zhou Ying(Center for Environment and Economic Accounting,Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境规划院生态环境经济核算研究中心

出　　处：《地理科学》2019年第6期1008-1015,共8页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFC0208800);国家自然科学基金项目(41371533)资助~~

摘　　要：利用遥感影像数据,结合第八次全国森林资源清查和第二次全国湿地资源调查以及草地监测报告,对中国2015年森林、草地和湿地三大生态系统因人类不合理利用导致的生态破坏损失进行核算。核算结果显示:①2015年中国生态破坏损失约为2.38万亿元,占GDP比重的3.3%。其中,森林生态破坏损失约为2437.5亿元,占全部生态破坏损失的10.2%;草地生态破坏损失约为3112.1亿元,占比为13.1%;湿地生态破坏损失约为18269.6亿元,占比76.7%。②中国生态破坏损失主要分布在西部地区,区域空间差异大,青海、湖南、四川、黑龙江、内蒙古、江苏等省份的生态破坏损失都大于1000亿元。③中国生态破坏损失主要来自气候调节和水流动调节服务损失。2015年中国气候调节服务损失量为17451.8亿元,占全部生态破坏损失的73.3%;水流动调节服务损失量为4234.6亿元,占比为17.8%。Adopting remote sensing data,ecosystem regulation service was accounted in 2015.Then using the Eighth National Inventory of Forest Resources,Second National Wetland Resources Survey and Grassland Monitoring Report,the cost of ecological degradation was accounted due to irrational utilizing of ecosystem in forests,grasslands and wetlands to degrade the ecosystem regulation service in 2015.Some results were shown as follows:1)In 2015,the cost of ecological degradation was about 2.38 trillion yuan,accounting for 3.3%of the GDP.Among them,the cost of forest ecological degradation was 0.24 trillion yuan,accounting for 10.2%of the total ecological damages.The cost of grassland ecological degradation was 0.31 trillion yuan,accounting for13.1%of the total ecological damage.The cost of wetland ecological degradation was 1.83 trillion yuan,accounting for 76.7%of the overall ecological damage.2)The cost of ecological degradation in China was mainly distributed in the western regions,and its remains large spatial difference.The cost of ecological degradation in Qinghai,Hunan,Sichuan,Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia and Jiangsu were all above 100 billion yuan.3)The cost of ecological degradation mainly came from climate regulation service and water flow regulation service in China,which accounted for 73.3%and 17.8%of the total ecological degradation.4)There are different degrees of human-induced damage to ecosystem in China.The forest over-exploitation rate is 0.82%,the livestock overload rate of the key natural grasslands is 13.5%,and the wetland area seriously threatened by human activities accounts for 19.6%of the wetland area.China should further strengthen the protection of wetlands to prevent the degradation of wetland ecosystem from threatening human welfare.

关 键 词：生态系统 生态破坏损失核算 生态调节服务 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]