明清时期民营药业的三重管控措施  

Triple Management and Control Measures of Private Pharmaceutical Industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：王洪伟[1] 盛邦跃[1] WANG Hong-wei;SHENG Bang-yue(Institute of Chinese agriculture civilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院

出　　处：《安徽史学》2019年第4期48-52,共5页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：中国古代药业可分为官营和民营两大系统。明清时期对民营药业的管控主要体现在自我管控、同行管控、政府管控三个层面。药行药店通过严格把控进货渠道、精心选取地道药材、重视鉴别药材真伪、依方依法炮制药材等进行自我管控。药业行会通过统一评定药材价目、规范度量衡、管控药品质量等进行同行管控。政府通过编订药品规范、审批药行资格、制裁欺诈行为等进行政府管控。通过三重管控,民营药业实现有序运行和平稳发展。当前提高我国药品安全水平,亦可从三个层面共同发力。Ancient Chinese pharmaceutical industry can be divided into two systems: government-run pharmaceutical industry and private pharmaceutical industry. The control of private pharmaceutical industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was mainly reflected in three aspects: self-control, peer control and government control. Pharmacies carried out self-management and control by strictly controlling the purchase channels, carefully selecting authentic medicinal materials, paying attention to the authenticity of medicinal materials, and processing medicinal materials in accordance with the law. The pharmaceutical industry association carried out peer control through unified evaluation of drug prices, standardization of weights and measures, and control of drug quality. The government exercised control through the formulation of drug regulations, the examination and approval of drug dealer qualification, and the sanction of fraudulent behaviors. The private pharmaceutical industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties achieved orderly operation and stable development through self-management, peer control and government control. We can make joint efforts from three aspects to improve the level of drug safety in present China.

关 键 词：明清时期 民营药业 药业管理 假药防控 药业史 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]