高层建筑火灾情况下人员疏散研究  

Study on personnel evacuation from high-rise building in fire

作　　者：刘世松 马鸿雁 焦宇阳 LIU Shi-song;MA Hong-yan;JIAO Yu-yang(School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing for Building Big Data, Beijing 100044, China;National Virtual Sim ulation Experimental Center for Smart City Education, Beijing 100044, China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学电气与信息工程学院,北京100044 [2]建筑大数据智能处理方法研究北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [3]智慧城市国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心,北京100044

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2019年第6期794-798,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：北京建筑大学博士基金项目(00331615010);北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(X18066);促进高校内涵发展项目—研究生创新科研项目(PG2018072)

摘　　要：以某高层办公楼为例开展高层建筑火灾情况下人员疏散研究。分别利用PyroSim和Pathfinder仿真软件建立该办公楼的火灾模型和疏散模型,通过对不同区域烟气层高度、烟气温度、能见度以及CO浓度进行分析,得出不同区域人员可用安全疏散时间ASET,并采用Pathfinder对有无人员引导作用以及有无电梯参与疏散进行对比研究,得出在火灾情况下人员引导作用以及电梯的使用可以大幅减少人员必须安全疏散时间RSET,提高了疏散效率。针对火灾易波及区域的特殊情况,采用PyroSim和Pathfinder联合仿真,对疏散过程做进一步优化,使仿真结果更加接近于真实情况。A high-rise office building was taken to study the evacuation of fired buildings. PyroSim and Pathfinder were respectively used to set up fire model and evacuation model. By analyzing the height of flue gas layer, temperature, visibility and CO concentration of the smoke layer in different areas, the available safe egress time(ASET) for personnel in different regions was obtained. Then Pathfinder was used to conduct a comparative study on the differences of whether personnel guidance and elevators were used or not in evacuation. It is concluded that the required safe egress time(RSET) can be greatly reduced by using personal guidance and elevators, thus the evacuation efficiency is improved. Through PyroSim and Pathfinder joint simulation, the evacuation process is further optimized by aiming at the special situation of fire-prone areas, so that the results of this simulation are closer to the real situation.

关 键 词：高层建筑 人员疏散 联合仿真 电梯疏散 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]