篮球比赛教练员的决策——程序化与非程序化的争锋与统一  

Basketball Coaches’ Decision-making:The Contention and Unification Between Programmed Decision and Non-programmed Decision

作　　者：张铭鑫[1] 练碧贞[1] 王新雷[2] 张飞 ZHANG Mingxin;LIAN Bizhen;WANG Xinlei;ZHANG Fei(School of Education,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Physical Education,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学教育学院,北京100084 [2]中北大学体育学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2019年第4期117-123,144,共8页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助课题:国家男篮备战2019年世界杯技战术能力评价与诊断(2018ZD004)

摘　　要：通过查阅文献并走访多位专家,结合多年国家队等运动队的工作经验,从赛前和赛中的现实情况入手,对篮球教练员决策模式程序化与非程序化的争论进行理论探源和实证研究,得出以下结论:教练员决策的程序化与非程序化的争锋既源自前瞻设计与随机方法之间的争论,也是多人参与决策与个体直接决策的对立,更是信息化科学决策与个人经验直觉决策的矛盾;赛前准备过程需要教练团队严格的、缜密的程序化的操作,对比赛方案做充分的遴选和研判。而赛中教练员决策模式应两者兼而有之,其触发机制受赛前制定的比赛方案的冗余度影响。冗余度好,通过程序化决策筛选备选方案予以应对;冗余度不足,就需要借助经验以及直觉进行决策。综合中国男篮的成功经验,总结出的赛前和赛中教练员决策的操作流程可供竞技篮球领域的运动队借鉴和参考。Using the methods of literature,expert interview and logic analysis,combined with years of coaching experience in the national team,based on the reality before and during the game,this paper makes a theoretical and empirical research on the debate between programmed and non-programmed decision-making mode of basketball coaches.Conclusions can be drawn as follows:this debate is derived from the argument between forward-looking design and stochastic methods,as well as the opposition between multiple people involved in decision-making and individual direct decision-making,and the contradiction between informative decision-making and individual experienced decision-making;pregame preparation needs a strict procedural operations from coach staff,with deep study and sufficient judgement on the game plan.While during the game,the decision-making should include both programmed and non-programmed characteristics.The trigger mechanism for both methods is influenced by the redundancy of game plan.When the redundancy is good,selection of alternatives can be made through programmed decision-making mode;conversely,if redundancy is insufficient,decision-making needs to rely on experience and intuition.Based on the successful experience of Chinese men’s basketball team,the operation process of coaches’ decision-making before and during the game can be used for reference by sports teams in the field of competitive basketball.

关 键 词：教练员 决策 程序化 非程序化 冗余 中国男篮 

分 类 号：G841[文化科学—体育训练]