自动驾驶技术背景下道路交通犯罪刑事责任认定新问题研究  

Studies on the Newly Merging Problems of Criminal Responsibility Determination of Road Traffic Crime under the Background of Autopilot Technology

作　　者：侯帅 Hou Shuai

机构地区：[1]天津市高级人民法院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2019年第4期92-106,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：随着自动驾驶时代的到来,传统道路交通犯罪的形态将发生翻天覆地的变化。一方面,犯罪行为类型发生巨大转变:醉驾、追逐竞驶等“人为”危险驾驶行为势必大幅减少;驾驶员在不适当环境下使用自动驾驶功能等新型行为具有刑法规制的必要;交通肇事罪“违反道路交通管理法规”的行为内容也会发生变化。另一方面,刑事责任主体呈现多元化趋势,归责的复杂性凸显。鉴于自动驾驶汽车的特征与其承担刑事责任的可操作性,不宜将其纳入犯罪主体范围。由自动驾驶汽车独立驾驶造成的事故责任,将传递至自动驾驶汽车的设计者、制造者、销售者、监管者、所有者或使用者(乘客):在特定情况下,可以依照生产、销售不符合安全标准的产品罪追究汽车设计者、制造者、销售者的刑事责任;应当考虑将交通肇事罪的犯罪主体扩展至汽车的所有者与使用者,赋予其驾驶前检查车况、定期检测、保养车辆的义务;监管者则负有按照行业标准与规范,严格检测程序、对安全性进行评估的注意义务。The practical application of autonomous driving technology will cause great changes in the behavior types of road traffic crimes: dangerous driving behaviors such as drunk driving and race driving will be greatly reduced. But using automatic driving function in an inappropriate environment and other new behaviors are necessary to be included in criminal behaviors while the behaviors of traffic accident crime are also changing. Autonomous driving cars should not be included in the scope of criminal subjects and the responsibility for accidents caused by independent driving of cars will be transferred to the designers, manufacturers, sellers, regulators, owners and users (passengers) of cars. Under certain circumstances, designers, manufacturers and sellers of self-driving cars may be held criminally liable for produc ing or se lling products that do not meet safety standards. The owners and users of autonomous driving cars should be considered as the criminal subjects of causing traffic accidents if they did not pay due obligation to the vehicle condition check, regular detection and vehicle maintenance. Regulators should have the duty to strictly test procedures and evaluate safety in accordance with industry standards and norms.

关 键 词：自动驾驶 道路交通犯罪 犯罪主体 刑事责任认定 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]