对美国《高校入学要求委员会报告》的考察  

Reexamination of Report of the Committee on College Entrance Requirements

作　　者：王文礼[1] WANG Wenli

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学教育学院

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2019年第4期11-24,74,I0002-I0003,共17页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划2017年度教育部重点课题“通往卓越化的历程:1980-2010年美国科学教育的发展与变革”(DOA170288)

摘　　要：美国高校的入学要求差异很大,美国学界一直对中学的职能是为了学生的升学,还是为了就业问题存在争议。因此,美国的全国教育协会于1895年7月13日在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市成立高校入学要求委员会,旨在制定标准化的中学课程,为学生升入大学做准备。高校入学要求委员会1899年发布《高校入学要求委员会报告》,该报告通过基于学生是否成功完成一定数量的标准化的中学课程单元达到高校入学要求。其主要内容为:对英语、外语和文学、历史、公民和经济、数学、科学等科目提出具体的改革建议;针对美国高校当时的入学要求存在的问题,提出了应该承认中学拥有更多的选择课程的权利;技工学校的入学要求应该提高,其难度应与大学入学的要求相一致;中学教师应该是大学毕业生,或拥有相当于大学的学历;在7年级开始的时候,倾向于实施一个统一的6年中学课程等14条解决方案。其意义为:明确了高校入学要求;规定了一周4或5课时的上课时间;促使了大学入学考试理事会的成立;提倡中学开设选修课,建立选修课制度;支持6-6学制;强调了加强中学教师队伍建设的重要性;为天才学生提供了更多的发展机会等。《高校入学要求委员会报告》对美国中等教育的发展影响较大,虽然也产生了一些负面的影响,但是总体来说,其正面影响大于负面影响。The publishing of Report of the Committee College Entrance Requirements in 1899 is the one of the most important events in the history of U.S. education. Nevertheless, few Chinese scholars have studied this report thoroughly and there exist some misconceptions about its acknowledgement and evaluation. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine Report of the Committee College Entrance Requirements to clarify some mistaken historical facts, and to make a reasonable and objective evaluation of its impacts and values. Before the publishing of this report, the U.S. academic community had always disagreed upon whether the purpose of secondary education is to prepare students for college or for employment. The admission requirements for U.S. universities also varied widely. The National Education Association established the Committee on College Entrance Requirements in Los Angeles, California on July 13, 1895, to develop a standardized curriculum for secondary schools in order to prepare students for college. In 1899, this committee issued Report of the Committee College Entrance Requirements , which consists of a set of standardized requirements of colleges and universities on the applicants for their admission. Such admission is based upon whether students have successfully completed a certain number of units throughout secondary school. Report of the Committee College Entrance Requirements mainly includes the following information: specific proposals for reforming English, foreign languages and literature, history, citizenship and economics, mathematics, science, and other subjects;proposing some resolutions for the problems within the current entrance requirements of U.S. colleges and universities, like the principle of election be recognized in secondary schools;the requirements for admission to technical schools should be as extended as the requirements for admission to college;the teachers in the secondary schools should be college graduates, or have the equivalent of a college education;to favor a unified six-year

关 键 词：美国《高校入学要求委员会报告》 美国中学课程 中学教师队伍建设 天才学生 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]