根区孔下滴灌施肥对新疆红枣产量品质和氮磷钾利用影响  

Effects of drip fertigation around root zone on yield and quality of red jujube and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Xinjiang

作　　者：张计峰 耿庆龙[2] 梁智[2] 曹文超[1] 陈清[1] Zhang Jifeng;Geng Qinglong;Liang Zhi;Cao Wenchao;Chen Qing(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Research Institute of Soil &Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第12期65-71,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560580);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2016B01002-1)

摘　　要：选择合理的滴灌施肥方式是实现果园节水减肥的技术关键。该研究分析比较了地表滴灌和根区孔下滴灌施肥对新疆南疆地区红枣生长和氮磷钾吸收的影响,以期为提高果园水肥利用效率提供理论依据。试验设置常规地表滴灌和根区孔下滴灌施肥2种灌溉方式,比较其对红枣营养状况、根系生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与常规地表滴灌施肥相比,在相同水肥供给条件下,根区孔下滴灌施肥处理红枣2a平均产量比地表滴灌施肥处理显著提高(P<0.05),增产幅度为6.9%,单果干质量达5.04g。2a红枣果实品质结果显示,根区孔下滴肥处理总糖、还原糖和粗脂肪含量显著高于地表滴灌处理(P<0.05)。该根区孔下滴灌施肥方式显著增加红枣树体各器官对养分的吸收(P<0.05),其中2011年根区孔下滴灌施肥处理红枣叶片中N、P和K含量分别比地表滴灌施肥处理增加6.7%、33.6%和7.3%,2012年红枣叶片中N和P含量差异显著(P<0.05),比地表滴灌分别高3.4%和26.8%。根区孔下滴灌施肥处理红枣果实中P、K含量显著高于地表滴灌施肥处理(P<0.05),2011年和2012年分别比地表滴灌高41.0%、13.6%和46.2%、12.9%;2012年根区孔下滴灌施肥处理叶片、新梢、细根和果实中P累积量显著高于地表滴灌相应器官P累积量(P<0.05),相比于地表滴灌分别提高38.2%、70.7%、159.8%和55.3%,根区孔下滴肥处理的吸收根干物质质量比地表滴灌增加46.7%。根区孔下滴肥的水肥管理方式可以显著增加根系生物量、提高枣树器官养分含量、增加红枣产量和提高肥料的利用效率,研究结果可为今后果园的节水减肥田间管理提供参考。Reasonable selection of drip fertigation technique is the key to achieve the effects of water-saving and fertilizer reduction in the intensive orchards.In this study,the influences of surface drip fertigation method(SD)and in-hole around rootzone drip fertigation method(RD)on the growth,fruit quality and the uptake of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)in Xinjiang red jujube were investigated in the Akasu,southern Xinjiang area.The Chinese jujube was planted since 1999.3 plots were prepared.In each plot,the 2 treatments were used.In the treatment of SD,the drip line was placed both sides of jujube tree.In the treatment of RD,1 lateral pipe without emitters in diameter of 8 cm was placed on the soil surface for a line of jujube tree.Around each tree,6 holes in diameter of 10 cm and depth of 35 cm were drilled for placement of catheter with emitters.The holes were filled with cottonseed cake to hold the catheter.The emitter had flow rate of 3.75 L/h.For each replicate of treatment,10 jujube trees were included.The irrigation amount and fertilizer application rate were same for the 2 treatments.In 2011 and 2012,the yield and quality of jujube were determined.In 2012,the cumulative N,P and K content in the jujube trees were also determined.The results showed that the 2-year average yield of jujube fruit in the RD treatment significantly increased by 6.9%compared to the SD treatment.Meanwhile,the 2-year average weight of single dry fruit was 5.04 g in the RD treatment,which was 8.4%higher than that in the SD treatment.The influence of irrigation method on quality of jujube was similar except for the ratio of sugar to acid content.In 2011,the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the RD treatment were 5.6%and 40.9%higher than those of the SD treatment;The crude fat and the ratio of sugar content to acid content in the RD treatment was significantly higher than that in the SD;The other quality index was similar in the both treatments.In 2012,the ratio of sugar content to acid content was not significantly diff

关 键 词：滴头 灌溉 肥 根区 孔下滴灌施肥 红枣 产量 磷素 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]