呼伦贝尔某煤矿区地境结构特征及其对草原生态恢复的意义  

Characteristics of Below-ground Habitat in a Coal Mine in Hulun Buir and its Significance for Prairie Ecological Restoration

作　　者：余露 白光宇[2] 周建伟[1] 冯海波 袁磊 田磊[2] 余洋[2] YU Lu;BAI Guangyu;ZHOU Jianwei;FENG Haibo;YUAN Lei;TIAN Lei;YU Yang(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute,Beijing 100081,China;China Geological Survey Hydrogeological Environment Geological Survey Center,Baoding 071051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [3]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2019年第4期29-36,共8页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国土资源部全国矿山地质环境信息系统建设与服务项目(DD20160333)

摘　　要：呼伦贝尔草原是世界四大草原之一,近年来由于煤炭资源的大量开采,造成局部地区地面塌陷,土壤质量随之下降,草原生态环境退化。根据生态地质学的相关理论和方法,通过调查呼伦贝尔某煤矿塌陷区附近不同类型土地的植被地下生境中不同层片的养分运移、植物根群结构和植物群落特征,将不同层片的土壤肥力测试结果与植物根系生长情况进行对比,总结并分析不同区域土壤的质量以及植物根系在各层片的发育特点与分布规律,提出草原区土地复垦的最佳覆土厚度和植被恢复的生态意义。研究结果表明:原生草原区、地面塌陷裂缝区、地面塌陷治理区和草原耕地区的植物根系、土壤肥力分布具有近似的规律性,肥分含量从表层土壤到深层土壤逐渐减少;地面塌陷治理区肥分含量基本恢复到背景值,但植物种类单一,根系主功能区稍浅,有机质和速效钾流失严重,植物群落发生了演替。为了在开采矿产资源的同时有效保护呼伦贝尔大草原,必须做好土地复垦和植被恢复工作,复垦时尽可能保证所种植植物的根系结构完整,覆土厚度应达到60cm。The Hulun Buir Prairie is one of the four largest prairies in the world.In recent years,due to the massive exploitation of coal mines,land subsidence has occurred in some areas,soil quality has declined,and prairie ecological environment has deteriorated.Based on the relevant theories and methods of ecological geology,this paper investigates the nutrient transport,plant root structure and plant community characteristics of different layers in the below-ground habitat of different types of land near the subsidence of a coal mine in Hulun Buir,and then compares the soil fertility results with the growth of plant roots of different layers soil,and analyzes the characteristics and distribution of soil quality and the roots at various levels of different types of land.On this basis,the paper proposes the optimal soil thickness and the ecological significance of vegetation restoration for land reclamation in prairies.The results show that the distribution of plant roots and fertility in the primary environmental region,subsidence area,reclamation area and farmland are similar,and root number and fertility content gradually decrease from surface to deep soil;fertilizer content in subsidence control area is basically restored to the background value,but the plant species are single,the main function area of root system is slightly shallow,the loss of organic matter and available potassium is serious,and the plant community has succession.Through investigation and analysis,in order to effectively protect the Hulun Buir Prairie while exploiting mineral resources,it is necessary to do a good job in land reclamation and vegetation restoration work,including ensuring that the root structure of the plant is complete,and the thickness of soil cover should reach 60 cm.

关 键 词：采煤塌陷 草原生态环境恢复 植被地下生境层片 土壤肥力 植物根群 呼伦贝尔草原 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]