鼓浪屿重点历史风貌建筑植物资源及外来入侵植物的调查分析  

Plant Resources Around Major Historic Buildings and Invasive Plants on Gulangyu Island

作　　者：刘育梅[1] 蔡松荣 宋志瑜[3] 池敏杰[1] LIU Yumei;CAI Songrong;SONG Zhiyu;CHI Minjie(Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden,Plant Introduction & Quarantine and Plant Product Key Laboratory of Xiamen City,Xiamen,Fujian 361002,China;Gulangyu Island World Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Management Center,Xiamen,Fujian 361002,China;Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany,Xiamen,Fujian 361006,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门华侨亚热带植物引种园,厦门市植物引种检疫与植物源产物重点实验室,福建厦门361002 [2]鼓浪屿世界文化遗产监测管理中心,福建厦门361002 [3]福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2019年第8期1660-1664,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：厦门市科技计划对台科技合作项目(No.3502Z20182009);鼓浪屿世界文化遗产监测管理中心项目(No.2017)

摘　　要：福建省鼓浪屿于2017年获准列入世界文化遗产名录。为保护鼓浪屿岛上117栋重点历史建筑及其植物资源,本文通过实地走访、标本收集与鉴定,针对建筑周边(围墙、墙体和院子)的植物资源及岛上的外来入侵植物进行了调查分析。结果表明:建筑周边植物有97科292种,资源总数比较丰富,但以常见的绿化苗木居多。其中,出现频次高的科依次是桑科、凤尾蕨科、菊科、酢浆草科、大戟科、紫葳科、荨麻科、茄科、禾本科、无患子科。出现频次最高的种是小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa L.f.),分布在90栋建筑,占建筑总数的76.92%。出现在50%以上建筑内的植物还有蜈蚣凤尾蕨(Pteris vittata L.)、酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata L.)、猫爪藤[Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry]、冷水花(Pilea notata C. H. Wright)等。周边植物最丰富的是黄荣远堂(39科59种),其次为褚家园(35科48种)。岛上主要入侵植物有25科42种,其中,菊科种类最多,占16.67%,原产美洲的种数量达29种,属于有意引入的外来入侵植物31种,占73.81%。外来入侵植物优势种有猫爪藤[Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry]、红瓜[Coccinia grandis(L.) Voigt]、鸡矢藤(Paederia foetidaL.)、爬山虎[Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch]、五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairicaHand.-Mazz.)等5种。小叶榕及几种外来入侵植物优势种对建筑的墙体、围墙甚至全岛具有入侵蔓延趋势。Gulangyu Island in Fujian was inscribed on the world heritage list in 2017. In order to protect the 117 major historic buildings and the plant resources around them, a field investigation, specimens gathering and identification were carried out to survey and analyze the plant resource on the fences, building walls and yards. The results showed that a total of 292 species belonging to 97 families were found around the buildings. Most of the rich resources were garden plants. Among them, the frequently distributing families were Moraceae, Pteridaceae, Compositae, Oxalidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Urticaceae, Solanaceae, Gramineae and Sapindaceae. The most frequently distributing species was Ficus microcarpa L.f. which located around 90 buildings (76.92%). There were also Pteris vittata L., Oxalis corniculata L., Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry, Pilea notata C. H. Wright et al. located around more than 50% buildings. The quantity of plant species around Huangrongyuan Hall was the most abundant (39 families 59 species), followed by that around Zhujia Garden (35 families 48 species). A total of 42 species invasive plants were found on Gulangyu Island, belonging to 25 families. The Compositae family was the most abundant (16.67%). There were 29 species native to America and 31 species (73.81%) introduced intentionally. The 5 dominant invasive plants were Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Paederia foetida L., Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch and Ipomoea cairica Hand.-Mazz. The invasive plants and F. microcarpa were widely distributed on the fences, building walls, even the whole island.

关 键 词：鼓浪屿 重点历史风貌建筑 植物资源 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]