“先赋”与“后生”:文化资本与农村大学生的内部分化  

“Pre-existing” and “Post-generating”: Cultural Capital and the Internal Differentiation of Rural College Students

作　　者：陈乐[1] Chen Le

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院

出　　处：《江苏高教》2019年第8期39-46,118,共9页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:“双一流”建设背景下我国高校评价体系改革研究(项目批准号:17JZD056)

摘　　要：大学生的异质性不仅表现为不同群体之间的差异,也反映在同一群体内部的分化;而"先赋性"与"后生性"文化资本的配给与建构则助力于形塑此种分化。基于"中国大学生学习与发展追踪研究"项目的数据分析,揭示出农村大学生内部分化的某种特征:第一轮分化是先赋性文化资本的"非选择性配给",44.21%的城市大学生具有较高的先赋性文化资本,而农村大学生这一比率仅为2.76%;第二轮分化则是后生性文化资本的"主动性建构",表现为86.36%的农村大学生先赋性文化资本与后生性文化资本都较低("先赋低,后生低"),仅有10.84%的农村大学生虽然先赋性文化资本较低但在大学期间积极建构较高的后生性文化资本("先赋低,后生高")。第二轮分化的外显性表征在于"先赋低,后生高"的农村大学生自我感知的教育收获显著高于"先赋低,后生低"的农村大学生。相对于先赋性因素的非选择性而言,后生性文化资本的主动建构是农村大学生弥补先赋要素匮乏的重要通道。然而可能的悖论在于先赋性要素的匮乏在某种程度上制约了建构后生性文化资本的意识和主动性。The heterogeneity of college students is not only reflected in the differences between different groups, but also in the differentiation within the same group;and the distribution and construction of the "pre-existing" and "post-generating" cultural capital help to shape this differentiation. The data analysis based on "China College Student Survey"(CCSS) reveals some features of the internal differentiation of rural college students: firstly, 44.21% of urban college students have a higher "pre-existing" cultural capital, while the ratio of rural college students is only 2.76%;secondly, 86.36% of rural college students have a lower "pre-existing" cultural capital and a lower "post-generating" cultural capital, and only 10.84% of rural college students who have a lower "pre-existing" cultural capital but have a higher "post-generating" cultural capital. The rural college students who have a lower "pre-existing" cultural capital and a higher "post-generating" cultural capital report a higher learning outcome than the rural college students who have a lower "pre-existing" cultural capital and a lower "post-generating" cultural capital. The construction of "post-generating" cultural capital may help rural students to improve their learning and development, however, the possible paradox is that the lack of "pre-existing" cultural capital may restrict rural college students’ consciousness and initiative of constructing "post-generating" cultural capital.

关 键 词：文化资本 先赋性 后生性 农村大学生 内部分化 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]