协调城市土地开发的交通负外部性——日本交通影响评价政策与实践  

Negative Externality of Transportation in Urban Land Development: Transportation Impact Analysis Policies and Implementation in Japan

作　　者：林雄斌[1] 王菁 卢源[3] Lin Xiongbin;Wang Jing;Lu Yuan(Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Graduate School of Social Sciences,Waseda University,Tokyo 169-0051,Japan;School of Architecture and Design,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系,浙江宁波315211 [2]早稻田大学社会科学研究科,日本东京169-0051 [3]北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院,北京100044

出　　处：《城市交通》2019年第4期58-66,125,共10页Urban Transport of China

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金青年项目“跨市轨道交通投资、供给结构与优化机制：以杭州湾大湾区为例”(LQ19D010003);宁波大学教学改革研究重点项目“案例研究在地理学本科生教学及创新能力培养的应用：以城市与区域交通地理为例”(JYXMXZD201928);中国科协高端科技创新智库青年项目“都市圈城际公共交通规划与治理政策研究：以珠三角为例”(DXB-ZKQN-2017-019)

摘　　要：中国地方政府在实施交通影响评价时仍面临一些问题,有必要借鉴国外交通影响评价的政策与实践经验。深入剖析日本实施的交通影响评价法规、管理规定与实践,有助于高密度地区土地开发的有效管理。研究发现,为提升交通影响评价的实施效果,地方政府应注重多层次交通与土地规划的协调与管理;在交通影响评价过程中应强化公交优先理念的制定与落实;合理采用大数据手段,深入理解土地开发的交通影响,并采取精细化的交通管理措施。作为落实中国公交都市战略的重要环节,交通影响评价应从管理体制和新技术应用等方面加强土地开发与绿色交通的协调。Certain challenges and policy uncertainties still remained in implementing traffic impact analysis(TIA)studies in China.Assessing the decision-making and implementation of TIA in developed countries can enhance the effectiveness of China's TIA policy.This paper used Japan's TIA policy as the case to reveal how TIA can reduce adverse impacts of transportation in land development.The paper concludes that 1)TIA can benefit from the regulation aimed at connecting transportation planning and land development and management;2)green transportation should be highlighted in carrying out a TIA study;3)it is necessary to reveal the correlation between land development and transportation system using big data technology and implement detailed traffic management measures.Taking as one of the promising policy tools under China's transit metropolis initiative,the paper points out that effective TIAs can benefit from a further connection of land development and green transportation system,either by the new governing framework or emerging technologies implied.

关 键 词：交通政策 土地开发管理 交通影响评价 交通需求分析 公交导向开发 日本 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]