不同花生品种对稻田镉富集及转运的研究  

Cadmium concentration and translocation in paddy fields with different peanut varieties

作　　者：王飞 王建国[2] 刘登望[1] 李林[1] 万书波[2] 张昊[1] 张利青[3] 邹冬生[3] WANG Fei;WANG Jian-guo;LIU Deng-wang;LI Lin;WAN Shu-bo;ZHANG Hao;ZHANG LI-qing;ZOU Dong-sheng(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Biotechnology Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji’nan 250100,China;College of Bioscience and Biotechology,Hunan Agricultrual University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南250100 [3]湖南农业大学生命科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2019年第4期568-576,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201009);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04);农业部国家花生产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-13);国家2011计划南方粮油作物协同创新中心课题;国家自然科学基金(31671634);湖南省科技厅重点研发项目(2016NK2108)

摘　　要：为研究湖南湘江流域稻田镉(Cd)污染治理方法,筛选稻田替代种植作物,于长沙县和湘阴市受污染稻田改种花生,选用5个大果品种,设置2种(露地、覆膜)栽培方式,研究品种与栽培方式组合下对稻田Cd吸收、富集及转运的影响。结果表明:稻田花生营养器官(根、茎、叶)Cd含量较高,生殖器官(果壳、籽仁)Cd含量较低,且品种间有明显差异。5个花生品种的组织器官中Cd含量最高的是茎(5.413~8.859mg kg^-1),果壳和籽仁最少(0.523~1.326mg kg^-1),但是籽仁Cd含量超出NY/T1067-2006标准的规定值,食用安全存在风险。覆膜栽培尽管降低了花生茎、叶、果针、果壳及籽仁等的Cd含量,但提高了植株干物质重和Cd总积累,其中,营养器官(根、茎、叶)Cd富集系数高于2.5,生殖器官(果壳、籽仁)Cd富集系数为0.8~1.7。不同部位间Cd转移系数大小顺序为:根→茎秆>茎秆→叶>果壳→籽仁>果针→果壳>茎秆→果针。不同品种的花生油中Cd含量范围在0.012~0.074mg kg^-1,符合标准,因此花生油食用是安全的。以地上部单株干物质积累量及其Cd含量作为高镉积累筛选指标,5个品种中09-3106的单株可高积累镉元素。建议在湘阴、长沙等地的Cd污染稻田进行覆膜栽培花生。To reduce cadmium (Cd) pollution in paddy fields in Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province,peanut was planted as expected replacing crop in Cd polluted paddy fields in Changsha and Xiangyin City.5 largeseed peanut varieties were selected and 2 different cultivation methods (open field and plastic film cultivation) were tested.By investigating peanut Cd uptake,enrichment and transport,the Cd concentration and translocation in paddy fields were studied.Results showed that Cd contents in vegetative peanut organs (roots,stems and leaves) were higher than in reproductive ones (shells and seeds).Cd contents were significant different among varieties.Stem had the highest (5.413-8.859 mg·kg^-1) content,shells and seeds had the least (0.523-1.326 mg·kg^-1).Among them,the Cd content in seeds exceeded the standard of NY/T 1067-2006,which suggested certain risk of seed food.Under film mulching cultivation,Cd contents in some organs (including stems,leaves,pegs,shells and seeds) were reduced,although the accumulation of both plant dry matter and plant total Cd accumulation were increased.Under film mulching,Cd concentration coefficient of vegetative organs (root,stem and leaf) was above 2.5,which was higher than those of reproductive organs (shells and seeds).Cd transfer coefficients were in the order as: root to stem> stem to leaf > shell to seed> peg to shell> stem to peg.Cd content of peanut oil ranged from 0.012 to 0.074 mg·kg^-1,which indicated safe oil on Cd fields according to the standard.In summary,dry matter accumulation and Cd content of aboveground could be used as indicators for high Cd accumulation.Among the 5 genotypes,09-3106 was the highest individual Cd accumulation variety.And the peanut film mulching cultivation was recommended for Cd reduction of paddy fields.

关 键 词：花生 品种 稻田 覆膜 镉 富集 转运 食用安全 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] TE991.3[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]