高速列车轮对气动噪声特性分析  

Flow-induced Noise Behaviour around High-speed Train Wheelsets

作　　者：朱剑月 雷震宇[1] 李莉 ZHU Jianyue;LEI Zhenyu;LI Li(Institute of Railway and Urban Mass Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804;Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804)

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [2]同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心,上海201804

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2019年第14期69-79,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划(17PJ1409300);国家自然科学基金(11772230);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题资助(TPL1804);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(22120170247)资助项目

摘　　要：高速列车轮对位于转向架舱外部分直接受到来流冲击,产生较大气动噪声。运用涡声理论和声比拟方法,基于列车单轮对和串列双轮对简化模型,计算分析轮对周围流动与气动噪声特性。结果表明:单轮对工况下轮对周围流动分离与流体相互作用使得车轴尾流内产生了规则的交替涡脱落以及车轮尾流内形成了不同尺度的不规则涡;轮对近场四极子噪声中,体偶极子声源为主要声源,体四极子声源相对较弱;远场气动噪声预测与声学风洞测试结果吻合良好,轮对表面压力脉动诱发的面偶极子噪声为主要声源;轮对远场辐射噪声的主频和第一谐频值分别对应于轮对升力和阻力主频,第一谐频值为主频值两倍;与车轮相比,车轴部位产生的气动噪声较高;轮对声辐射指向性为垂向偶极子形状,旋转效应使得轮对噪声级幅值比静止轮对增加约2 dB。双轮对工况下,前轮对流场以及气动噪声特性与单轮对工况相似,后轮对在前轮对尾流作用下,气动噪声辐射频带加宽,强度减弱,指向呈多向性。The parts of the high-speed train wheelset located outside the bogie cavity are exposed to the unsteady air flows. Due to this strong flow impact, the large aerodynamic noise is generated around the wheelset. The flow and flow-induced noise behaviour around the isolated wheelset and the tandem wheelsets are investigated at a scaled model. For the isolated wheelset case, results show that due to vortex shedding and flow separation, the coherently alternating shedding vortices are generated from the axle whereas the wheel wake is dominated by the irregular vortices with different scales. The volume dipole is the predominate source of the quadrpole noise generated in the wheelset wake. Moreover, it is found that good agreement is achieved between numerical simulation and experimental measurement. The dipole noise produced from the pressure fluctuations on the wheelset wall surfaces is the main aerodynamic noise source. Corresponding to the dominant frequencies of the oscillating lift and drag forces from the wheelset, the frequency of the first harmonic peak of the radiated tonal noise is twice the shedding frequency from the axle. The aerodynamic noise generated from the axle is much higher than that from the wheel, leading to a typical dipole pattern in the far-field noise directivity. The inclusion of wheelset rotation increases the radiated noise levels around 2 dB with similar directivity compared with the stationary wheelset. For the tandem-wheelset case, the flow-induced noise behaviour of the upstream wheelset is similar to the isolated wheelset case, whereas the rear wheelset is submerged in the upstream wheelset wake and situated in a turbulent condition, and thus the irregular flow feature makes the noise radiation more broadband and multi-directional with lower noise amplitude level.

关 键 词：铁路噪声 简化高速列车轮对 流场特性 气动噪声预测 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]