美国大学通识教育:模式、问题及启示  

General Education in American Higher Education: Models, Problems and Enlightenment

作　　者：黄怡俐[1] HUANG Yi-li(Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China)

机构地区：[1]许昌学院

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2019年第7期91-94,共4页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

基　　金：2017年河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践省级重点项目“基于核心素养的应用型本科高校通识教育课程改革研究”(编号:2017SJGLX114)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国大学通识教育通常采取学科模式、核心课程模式、能力模式,其中,学科模式又分为自由选修模式、经典名著模式、分布模式,各模式都是在一定的教育哲学思想影响下形成的,也存在一定的优势和不足。美国大学通识教育存在学科课程整合问题、劳动力市场需求问题、学生重视不够问题、师资不平衡问题、研究文化冲突问题、通识教育组织结构问题,采取培养良好人格、建立通识教育领导机构、制定鼓励通识教育的制度、强调学生基本技能和能力、增强多元文化、精简通识教育课程、完善通识教育评价的策略解决通识教育存在的问题。The general education in American universities generally adopts three models, i.e. the discipline model, the core curriculum model, and the competency model. The discipline model is divided into the free elective model, the Classic-great Books model, and the distribution model. Each model is formed under the influence of certain educational philosophical thoughts, and with each models having certain advantages and disadvantages. The general education of American universities has the problems of subject curriculum integration, labor market demand, students paying insufficient attention, teacher imbalance, research cultural conflicts, and general education organizational structure. In that country and order to solve the problems existing in the general education, the following strategies should be adopted, i.e. cultivating a good personality, establishing a general education leadership, formulating systems for boosting the general education, emphasizing the skills and abilities of students, enhancing the multiculturalism, streamlining general education courses, and improving the strategies for the evaluation of general education.

关 键 词：美国大学通识教育 模式 问题 启示 

分 类 号：G640-059.3[文化科学—高等教育学]