长江口中华绒螯蟹雌蟹的食性和摄食强度  

Dietary and feeding intensity of female Eriocheir sinensis in the Yangtze River Estuary during migratory period

作　　者：徐静静 耿智[1] 冯广朋[1,2] 庄平[1,2] 吴晓峰 黄晓荣[1] 沈盎绿[1] 王海华[3] XU Jing-jing;GENG Zhi;FENG Guang-peng;ZHUANG Ping;WU Xiao-feng;HUANG Xiao-rong;SHEN Ang-lv;WANG Hai-hua(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai200090, China;College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai20090, China;Jiangxi Institute for Fishery Sciences, Nanchang330039, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海200090 [3]江西省水产科学研究所,南昌330039

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2019年第4期397-407,共11页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：上海市中华绒螯蟹现代农业产业技术体系项目(沪农科产字2017-4号);农业农村部物种品种资源保护项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2016M05)

摘　　要：2017年10月-2018年4月逐月采集长江口生殖洄游期中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雌蟹,运用胃含物分析法分析雌蟹抱卵前后饵料组成、摄食强度以及营养级,探讨其在长江口抱卵繁殖期间的摄食规律。结果表明:雌蟹摄食率、食物饱满指数、平均胃饱满度系数等3项指标具有明显的月份变动,抱卵前雌蟹的摄食指标在10-11月份(秋季)最高,12-2月份(冬季)最低;抱卵后雌蟹的摄食指标在12-2月份(冬季)最低,3-4月份(春季)最高。洄游期的雌蟹抱卵前后饵料来源多样,包括水生植物、藻类、甲壳类、多毛类、鱼类、软体动物、棘皮动物、卵、颗粒碎屑等。其中,藻类、颗粒碎屑和甲壳类为抱卵前的主要饵料,出现频率分别为68.13%、54.76%和19.05%;藻类、颗粒碎屑和水生植物为抱卵后的主要饵料,出现频率分别为70.35%、73.91%和25.39%。雌蟹抱卵前后饵料组成存在显著差异(χ^2=21.57,P<0.05),对差异贡献最大的饵料组成是颗粒碎屑(χ^2=8.32)、甲壳类(χ^2=5.49)和水生植物(χ^2=4.02)。雌蟹抱卵前后的营养级分别为3.60和3.10,平均营养级为3.35,属于第三营养级动物。Eriocheir sinensis is an important economic aquatic animal, and the Yangtze River Estuary is an important reproductive migration place for Eriocheir sinensis. In recent years, Eriocheir sinensis resources have declined sharply due to overfishing, reclamation activities and habitat degradation in the Yangtze River Estuary. The protection of Eriocheir sinensis has attracted extensive attention. At present, enhancement and releasing, habitat restoration are important remedies for protecting the population. As the most important life stage in the life history of Eriocheir sinensis, spawning period is the key stage to determine its population resources. In this study, gastric content analysis was used to analyze the food composition, food difference of female crab before and after spawning in the Yangtze River Estuary. It can provide a reference for food types and food amount in artificial habitat restoration. It is of great significance for the protection and rational utilization of Eriocheir sinensis. It also supplements the basic biological knowledge of Eriocheir sinensis. The feeding composition, feeding intensity and trophic level were analyzed by the gastric contents of female crab collected from October 2017 to April 2018 in Chongming East Beach(121°58′~122°12′E、31°05′~31°22′N) of the Yangtze River Estuary by trawling.The results showed that the feeding rate, food fullness index and mean gastric fullness index of female crab had obvious monthly changes. The indexes before the spawning were the highest in October-November(autumn) and the lowest in December-February(winter). After spawning, the indicators were the lowest in December-February(winter) and the highest in March-April(spring). The female crabs in the migratory stage had various feed sources, including Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Crustacea, Polychaeta, fish, Mollusca, Echinodermata, eggs, aquatic plants, detritus, rubbish etc, belonging to omnivorous aquatic animals. Algae, detritus and Crustacea were the main di

关 键 词：长江口 中华绒螯蟹 饵料组成 摄食强度 营养级 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]