法律规范下的理性启蒙与自由——以孟德斯鸠为例浅析法国启蒙运动的特点  

Rational Enlightenment and Freedom under Legal Norms——Taking Montesquieu to Analyze the Characteristics of the French Enlightenment

作　　者：刘斌 贺如樟 LIU Bin;HE Ru-zhang(The Institute of Philosophy,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi,030024;School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University, Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学哲学研究所,山西太原030024 [2]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第4期35-37,55,共4页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：18世纪的法国,一场思想启蒙运动为之后资产阶级革命的爆发提供了思想上的基础与准备,而这场资产阶级革命改变了法国已经存在了几个世纪的波旁王朝封建专制统治和神学压迫。为了反对当时教会与统治阶级对人们思想与行为上的禁锢,进步人士唯有尝试解放思想做到精神上的自由与独立才能实现最终目的。其中孟德斯鸠也以这样的初衷开始了他的斗争。孟德斯鸠找到了理性:如果人们普遍承认并运用自己的理性,那么人就会获得自由,而明白理性是每一个人或者说理性存在者生来便有的一个属性,法在其中起了至关重要的作用。In the 18th century in France, an ideological enlightenment movement provided the ideological foundation and preparation for the outbreak of the bourgeois revolution, which changed the feudal autocratic rule of the bourbon dynasty and theological oppression that had existed in France for several centuries. In order to oppose the shackles of the church and the ruling class on people's thoughts and behaviors, the progressives had to try to emancipate people's thoughts and make people achieve spiritual freedom and independence to achieve the ultimate goal. Montesquieu also begins his struggle with this idea, then he finds reason--if people generally recognize and use their reason, then people will be free. How to make people understand that reason is an attribute that every person or rational being is born with? Law plays a crucial role in it.

关 键 词：法国启蒙运动 孟德斯鸠 法 理性 

分 类 号：B565.24[哲学宗教—外国哲学]