不同施肥模式对茶叶产量、品质及经济效益的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefit of Tea

作　　者：孔晓君 尚晓阳 李玉胜[2] 毕彩虹 王兆顺 丁德恩 Kong Xiaojun;Shang Xiaoyang;Li Yusheng;Bi Caihong;Wang Zhaoshun;Ding De’en(Rizhao Tea Technology Promotion Center,Rizhao 276826,China;Shandong Fruit and Tea Technology Instruction Station,Jinan 250014,China;Linyi Fruit and Tea Technology Promotion Service Station,Linyi 276004,China;Weihai Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]日照市茶叶技术推广中心,山东日照276826 [2]山东省果茶技术指导站,山东济南250014 [3]临沂市果茶技术推广服务中心,山东临沂276004 [4]威海市农业农村事务服务中心,山东威海264200

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2019年第8期54-58,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系茶叶产业创新团队建设专项(SDIT-19)

摘　　要：通过两年的田间试验,研究了6种施肥模式(不施肥、普通化肥、生物有机肥、茶树专用控释肥、生物有机肥+普通化肥、生物有机肥+控释肥)对中茶108茶叶产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,在施肥量相同的条件下,一次性施用茶树专用控释肥能够达到化肥1年4次施用的增产效果,而单独施用生物有机肥(以下简称有机肥)在2017年有减产现象。有机肥和化肥配合施用增产效果最好,与普通化肥相比,有机肥+普通化肥和有机肥+控释肥茶叶产量分别增加12.9%、13.8%。在经济效益方面,与化肥分次施用相比,施用控释肥、有机肥+普通化肥和有机肥+控释肥净收益分别显著提高5.6%、26.5%、36.3%。与其他施肥处理相比,有机肥+普通化肥和有机肥+控释肥能优化茶叶品质,提高茶叶水浸出物、游离氨基酸含量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比,但两者之间差异不显著。因此,从施肥方便性、茶叶品质和农民纯收入方面综合考虑,有机肥+控释肥处理是最优推荐施肥措施。In this study, the effects of six fertilization modes, including no fertilization(CK), common fertilizer (CF), bio-organic fertilizer (OF), special controlled-release fertilizer for tea tree (CRF), bio-organic fertilizer with common fertilizer (OFCF), bio-organic fertilizer with controlled-release fertilizer (OFCRF), on yield, quality and economic benefits of Zhongcha 108 tea variety were studied through two-year field experiments. The results showed that under the same application amount of fertilizer, the one-time application of CRF could reach the yield-increasing effect of four-time-one-year application of CF, while the single application of OF had the phenomenon of yield-reduction in 2017. Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer had the best effect on increasing yield. Compared with CF treatment, the yield of OFCF and OFCRF treatments increased by 12.9% and 13.8%, respectively. In terms of economic benefits, the net benefits of applying CRF, OFCF and OFCRF treatments were significantly increased by 5.6%, 26.5% and 36.3%, respectively, compared with the application of CF at different stages. Compared with the other fertilization treatments, OFCF and OFCRF could optimize tea quality, improve tea water extract and free amino acid contents, and reduce tea polyphenol content and phenol-ammonia ratio, but there was no significant difference between the above two treatments. Therefore, considering the convenience of fertilization, tea quality and farmers’ net income, OFCRF treatment was the best recommended fertilization measure.

关 键 词：施肥模式 茶叶 产量 品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S571.101[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]