沉水植物附植生物膜藻类组成及重金属累积特征  

Algae composition and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in epiphytic bioflioms of submerged macrophytes

作　　者：宋旭 林陶[1,2] 夏品华[1,2] 严定波 杨羽 马莉 汤向宸 SONG Xu;LIN Tao;XIA Pinhua;YAN Dingbo;YANG Yu;MA Li;TANG Xiangchen(Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,P.R.China;Plateau Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Center,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室,贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学高原湿地生态与环境研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2019年第5期1268-1278,共11页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41867056);贵州省重大科技专项项目(20163022-2);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]No.5769);贵州省林业科技项目(201411)联合资助

摘　　要：沉水植物表面常富集水体中有机质、泥沙、菌胶团、藻类、微生物等形成附植生物膜,在湖泊生物地球化学循环过程中具有重要作用.在草海选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)和光叶眼子菜(Potamogeton lucens L.)3种不同叶形的沉水植物,研究附植生物膜的形貌结构、理化特征、藻类及其重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)累积特征.结果表明:3种沉水植物附植生物膜上共鉴定出藻类6门8纲17目29科65属81种,主要为蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻,不同附植生物膜藻类功能群组成不同,冗余分析表明,水环境因子能解释藻类功能群变化的88.3%;3种沉水植物附植生物膜铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量变化规律一致,均为:金鱼藻>微齿眼子菜>光叶眼子菜;附植生物膜中重金属的累积具有选择性,Pb大量累积(11.41~41.31mg/kg),Cd累积含量较低(0.59~5.76mg/kg)且与植物相当(0.44~5.56mg/kg),附植生物膜中Pb累积含量与生物膜中隐藻门、硅藻门藻类生物量、Fe、Mn及TN含量呈显著相关,但Cd累积与生物膜各指标均无显著相关性.附植生物膜在草型湖泊污染物归趋转化中的作用值得关注.The surface of submerged macrophytes is often enriched with organic matter,sand,bacterial micelles,algae and microorganisms to form the epiphytic biofilms,which play a significant role in the process of lake biogeochemical cycle.Three different leaf shaped submerged macrophytes were selected in Lake Caohai: Ceratophyllum demersum,Potamogeton maackianus,and Potamogeton lucens L.The morphology,physicochemical characteristics and algae in the epiphytic biofilms of the different submerged macrophytes were studied.It has studied the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals Cd and Pb in the epiphytic biofilms.The results showed that 6 phylums,8 classes,17 orders,29 families,65 genuses and 81 species of the epiphytic biofilms of the three submerged macrophytes were identified,mainly belong to Cyanobacteria,Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta.The algae functional groups of different epiphytic biofilms have different compositions;Redundancy analysis shows the water environmental factor can explain 88.3 % of the changes of algae functional group;The changes of iron (Fe),manganese (Mn),total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in different epiphytic biofilms of submerged macrophytes are: Ceratophyllum demersum > Potamogeton maackianus > Potamogeton lucens L.;The accumulation of heavy metals in the epiphytic biofilm of submerged macrophytes is selective.The accumulation of Pb is large (11.41-41.31 mg/kg),and the accumulation of Cd is low (0.59-5.76 mg/kg).The accumulation of Cd in epiphytic biofilm is equivalent to that of macrophytes (0.44-5.56 mg/kg).The accumulation of Pb in the epiphytic biofilm is significantly correlated with the Cryptophyta and diatom biomass among epiphytic algae biomass and the contents of Fe,Mn and TN in the epiphytic biofilm.However,there was no correlation between Cd accumulation and various indicators in biofilm.The role of epiphytic biofilm of the submerged macrophytes in the process of pollutant transformation need to pay more attention in the grass-type lakes.

关 键 词：沉水植物 生物膜 藻类 重金属 草海 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52