身份政治与国家认同——经济全球化时代美国的困境及其应对  

Identity Politics and National Identity:American Dilemma and its Solutions in the Age of Economic Globalization

作　　者：林红[1] Lin Hong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院政治学系

出　　处：《政治学研究》2019年第4期30-41,M0002,M0003,共14页CASS Journal of Political Science

摘　　要：身份成为政治的议题,古已有之,在经济全球化与民族国家激烈碰撞的21世纪,身份所引发的政治问题更是空前棘手。2016年以来美欧政治剧烈右转,其间身份问题的影响清晰可见。由于特朗普当选美国总统对西方民主和世界政治的重大影响,深入研析美国政治背后的身份困境显得格外重要。在美国,自由主义左翼倡导多元身份政治,主张差异性文化权力,标榜“个性即政治”并推动一系列平权政策的出台。然而,随着经济全球化负面效应的不断显露,多元身份政治逆向诱发了一种白人身份政治,进而演化为一股右翼民粹主义浪潮。美国知识精英为解救自由民主的危机,提出了一系列方案与设想,但是,无论是亨廷顿的“美国信念”,还是福山的“信念式国家认同”,在身份政治与国家认同的对抗之中,都未能真正解决问题。The phenomenon of identity being a political issue has existed since ancient times. In the 21st Century, where economic globalization collides intensely with nation state, the political challenges that identity poses have been increasing in severity. Ever since 2016, the shadow of identity issue is clearly visible in the sharp right turn of the American and European politics. Due to the major impacts that Trump’s elected presidency has on western democracy and the order of world politics, it is even more crucial to investigate the identity concerns behind the American politics. In the U.S, the liberal leftist advocates pluralism identity and different cultural power, flaunting the so-called ‘the personal is political’, and putting forward a series of affirmative action policies. However, along with the emergence of economic globalization’s negative effects, the reverse of pluralism identity politics has induced a type of white identity politics. As a result, a right populist tide is now in action. In order to save the liberal democracy from this crisis, American intellectual elites have proposed series of plans and rationales. But in truth, neither Huntington’s American Creed, nor Fukuyama’s Creedal National Identities proves successful in settling the dispute between the identity politics and the national identity.

关 键 词：身份政治 国家认同 美国信念 自由主义 保守主义 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]