低温条件下海水暂养装置脱氮系统的构建及其应用效果  

Construction and application of denitrification system of seawater temporary nutrition system at low temperature

作　　者：兰燕月 张饮江 宋增福[3,4] 吴圣哲 徐成龙 赵志淼 LAN Yan-yue;ZHANG Yin-jiang;SONG Zeng-fu;WU Sheng-zhe;XU Cheng-long;ZHAO Zhi-miao(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Engineering Research Center forWater Environment Ecology in Shanghai,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;Fuzhou Xinhengzhi Aquarium & Equipment Co., Ltd.,Fuzhou 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [4]国家水生动物病原库(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [5]福州鑫恒智海鲜池设备有限公司,福州350000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第8期1836-1843,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07101014004);上海市重点学科建设项目(S30701);上海海洋大学博士启动基金项目(A2-0203-00-100356)

摘　　要：【目的】设计一种可有效降低海水暂养循环系统中氮浓度的新型脱氮技术工艺,提高鲜活海产品的暂养存活率,以确保健康安全海产品的流通及满足人们的膳食需求。【方法】针对暂养水体温度低、碳氮比低及溶解氧高等特点,采用农业废弃物玉米芯作为碳源和生物膜载体,通过驯化低温脱氮菌(硝化菌和反硝化菌)并结合人工强化挂膜方式建立同步硝化反硝化脱氮系统。【结果】经低温、高盐驯化富集培养的硝化菌富集液和反硝化菌富集液均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为主,但在纲水平上,硝化菌富集液中以γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和α-变形杆菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)为主,其相对丰度分别为83.50%和12.90%,而在反硝化菌富集液中γ-变形菌纲为主要纲,其相对丰度为91.30%。通过电镜扫描发现,置于脱氮反应器内的玉米芯表层有微生物膜覆盖,其表层孔隙数量明显减少;玉米芯还作为固相碳源,促使反硝化过程持续进行。玉米芯脱氮反应器装置运行60 d内,出水口水样的总氮、氨氮和硝氮去除率均随时间推移呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,最高去除率分别达(63.46±0.55)%、(62.79±0.52)%和(65.00±0.63)%。【结论】以玉米芯为碳源和生物膜载体、利用人工强化挂膜构建的玉米芯脱氮反应器装置能同步实现硝化反硝化过程,脱氮效果佳且可保证系统长期运行,还具有构建工艺简单、体积小及成本低等特点,适用于大部分海产品低温暂养系统。【Objective】To design a new denitrification technology which could effectively reduce the nitrogen concentration in the seawater temporary nutrient circulation system and improve the temporary survival rate of fresh seafood,so as to ensure the circulation of healthy and safe seafood and continuously meet people’s dietary needs.【Method】In view of the characteristics of low temperature,low C/N ratio and high dissolved oxygen in temporary water,corn cob was used as carbon source and biofilm carrier to establish simultaneous nitrification and denitrification system by domesticating lowtemperature denitrifying bacteria(nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria)combined with artificial enhanced filmhanging.【Result】Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the main components of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria enrichment solution after acclimation at low temperature and high salinity,but gammaproteobacteria and alphaproteobacteria were the main components of nitrifying bacteria enrichment solution at class level,and their relative abundances were 83.50% and 12.90% respectively. The relative abundance of gammaproteobacteria in denitrifying bacteria enrichment solution was 91.30%. By scanning electron microscopy,it was found that microbial membrane covered the surface of corn cob in denitrification reactor,and the number of pore in the surface decreased greatly. Corn cob was also used as solid carbon source to promote denitrification. Within 60 d of operation of corn cob denitrification reactor,the removal rates of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in outlet water increased first and then decreased with time. The highest removal rates were(63.46±0.55)%,(62.79±0.52)% and(65.00±0.63)% respectively.【Conclusion】Corn cob denitrification reactor with corn cob as carbon source and biofilm carrier and artificial strengthening film formation can realize simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. The effect of denitrification is good and the system can run for a long

关 键 词：海水暂养循环系统 低温 玉米芯 同步硝化反硝化 脱氮效果 

分 类 号：S983.022[农业科学—捕捞与储运]