生草覆盖对酿酒葡萄园土壤养分及浆果品质的影响  

Effects of Grass Covering on Soil Nutrients and Berry Quality in Winegrowers

作　　者：庞群虎 王竞 孙权[1] 许兴[1] 王锐[1,2] PANG Qun-hu;WANG Jing;SUN Quan;XU Xing;WANG Rui(Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan 750021 , China;Ningxia Grape and Wine Research Institute,Ningxia Yinchuan 750021, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏葡萄与葡萄酒研究院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第8期1833-1838,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501307);宁夏重点研发计划重大项目(2016BZ0602);宁夏农业科技自主创新专项(NKYJ-18-25)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨生草和覆盖对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园土壤养分、浆果品质及产量的影响。[方法]以贺兰山东麓5年生酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”为供试材料,分别覆膜(黑膜)、生马齿苋、生地锦草,以清耕(CK)为对照,研究不同地面管理方式对酿酒葡萄园土壤养分及浆果品质的影响。[结果]生草和覆膜均能有效提升酿酒葡萄园0~20 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮含量。其中,覆膜对碱解氮和有效磷提升效果最好,较清耕分别提升46.76%和55.92%;马齿苋对速效钾、有机质和全氮提升效果最好,较清耕分别提升58.07%、34.03%和70.45%。各处理对酿酒葡萄果实品质的提升均有显著效果。其中,覆膜对可溶性糖、总酚以及花色苷的提升效果最好,分别较清耕提升14.12%、65.45%和59.05%;马齿苋对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和还原性糖的提升效果最好,较清耕分别提升21.22%、65.38%和25.08%。生草和覆膜均能提升酿酒葡萄株产量,其中以马齿苋提升效果最好。酿酒葡萄园种植地锦草对百粒重、粒径和穗长提升效果显著,与清耕相比分别提升9.24%、3.20%和5.88%。[结论]在贫瘠干旱酿酒葡萄园进行生草覆盖,能够在短期内快速提升土壤速效养分、浆果品质以及单株产量,但对土壤全量养分影响甚微。其中,覆膜和种植马齿苋对表层土壤养分及浆果品质提升效果最好,适宜在该类区域广泛应用。[Objective]The effects of grass and cover on soil nutrient,berry quality and yield of wine growing vineyards in Helan Mountain,Ningxia were studied.[Method]The'Cabernet',a 5-year-old wine grape of Helan Mountain,was used as the test material,and the film was covered(black film),raw horseshoe,and raw grass.The study was carried out with clear tillage(CK)as the control.Effects of ground management methods on soil nutrients and berry quality were studied in winemaking vineyards.[Result]Both grass and film could effective-1 y improve the contents of alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter and total nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layer of wine vineyard.Among them,the film had the best effect on alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus,which increased by 46.76 % and55.92%,respectively.The effect of purslane on quick-acting potassium,organic matter and total nitrogen was the best,which was 50.77% higher than that of clear tillage,34.03% and 70.45%.Each treatment has a significant effect on the quality of wine grape fruit.Among them,the film had the best effect on soluble sugar,total phenol and anthocyanin,which increased by 14.12%,65.45% and 50.55% respectively compared with clear tillage;the improvement of soluble solids,titratable acid and reducing sugar by Portulaca oleracea L.The effect was the best,which was 21.22%,65.38% and 25.08% higher than that of clearing.Both the grass and the film can increase the yield of the wine grape,and the purslane has the best effect.The winegrass planting land has a significant effect on 100-grain weight,particle size and ear length,which is 9.24%,3.20% and 5.88% higher than that of clear tillage.[Conclusion]The grass cover in poor and dry wine vineyards can quickly increase soil available nutrients,berry quality and yield per plant in a short period of time,but has little effect on soil total nutrients.Among them,the film and planting of purslane have the best effect on surface soil nutrient and berry quality improvement,and are suitable for wide applica

关 键 词：生草覆盖 酿酒葡萄 土壤养分 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]