环境民事公益诉讼当事人地位论——从该诉的特殊性出发  

The Status of Parties in Civil Environmental Public Interest Litigation——From the Particularity Thereof

作　　者：谢凡 XIE Fan(China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 10088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期17-29,共13页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国政法大学2017年博士创新实践项目“环境公益诉讼被告权利义务之平衡”（2017BSCX09）

摘　　要：环境民事公益诉讼是以代表社会公共利益的主体为拟制原告,以真正的实体利害关系人为被告,以解决环境公共利益与私主体利益之间产生的纠纷的新型民事诉讼。然而,目前该诉在具体规则的设置上仍以传统民事诉讼、尤其是环境侵权之诉的相关法律制度作为参考、援用的制度蓝本,未及关注到该诉一方当事人代表的公益性实际上已经突破了民事诉讼的私益模式,其双方当事人在诉讼中的地位也因诉讼模式、法律关系的变化较前两者发生了转变这一事实。在现行环境民事公益诉讼相关立法与制度下,由于相关理论支撑的缺乏和实践中的标准不一,本诉部分当事人在处分权的行使、具体法律适用等方面仍受到不同程度的掣肘。因此,该诉的当事人的诉讼地位尚需进一步平衡,在此基础上对双方当事人诉讼权利与义务的分配也亟待明确与细化。The civil environmental public interest litigation is a new type of civil litigation between the plaintiff who represents the public interest and the defendant as the authentic interested party. Thus, this litigation aims at solving the disputes between environmental public interest and private ones. However, this new litigation still takes reference to relevant laws such as traditional civil litigation, especially the environmental tort litigation. The reference, however, ignores the fact that the nature of the plaintiff has already broken the private model of civil litigation. Therefore, the parties' position in the litigation also changes due to the varied litigation modes. Under the current legislation and system of civil environmental public interest litigation, sometimes the parties involved are restricted in several aspects such as the right of disposition, the law application and the burden of persuasion. The defendant is in a relatively passive position. Consequently, the litigant status of the parties needs to be further balanced. On this ground, the distribution of the litigant rights and obligations of both parties is urgently required to be defined and refined.

关 键 词：环境民事公益诉讼 当事人地位 环境侵权之诉 拟制主体 平等原则 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]