启蒙是连续的吗?——从晚清到五四  

Was Enlightenment Continuous?——From the Late Qing to the May Fourth

作　　者：王汎森 Wang Fansen

机构地区：[1]中研院历史语言研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2019年第5期5-20,M0003,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：从晚清、辛亥到五四新文化运动为止的思想发展,其间虽有许多模糊的、往复的、顿挫的变化,但大致而言是一个连续的格局。“连续”其实具有种种不同的型态,有时是传递式的关系,有时是“转辙器”式的关系,有时是思想与政治相互激发而前进的关系,往往在积累动能之后,会出现一次既有所延续又带有“量子跳跃”性质的变化。从晚清到五四的连续格局中,仍有许多新的特色。譬如辛亥革命的成功,使得许多原本最核心的思想变成边缘,原来边缘的变成核心,甚至透过国家的力量成为“体制性遗产”。许多看起来延续的思想议题在各自时段中的幅度、广度、强度、渗透度等方面仍有所不同。此外,“背景文化”的相异,也表现在各个方面。譬如,五四新文化运动想以新文学、新思想、新伦理来解决黑暗的政治、社会等一切问题,就与晚清以来的思维大不相同。五四时期的启蒙还有一个特色,即赋予“未来”“期望”的思想极为积极而正面的地位,“未来”时态成为一种时髦。The intellectual development from the late Qing to the 1911 Revolution and then to the May Fourth New Cultural Movement was generally a continuous process despite various ambivalent and hesitating zigzags. In this overall continuity, new elements were salient. The new policies promulgated by the Republican government soon after the success of the Revolution created the institutional legacy to give previously marginal ideas enough legitimacy to become mainstream ideas. The changes in the “background culture” also resulted in many new themes of the May Fourth, though the themes ostensibly similar to those in the late Qing period. The enlightenment of the May Fourth gave positive values to the “future” so that the future perspective became a fashionable trend in this period.

关 键 词：五四新文化运动 启蒙 连续格局 “转辙器” 背景文化 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]