我国典型金属间化合物基高温结构材料的研究进展与应用  

Application and Research of Typical Intermetallics-Based High Temperature Structural Materials in China

作　　者：宫声凯[1] 尚勇 张继[2] 郭喜平[3] 林均品[4] 赵希宏 GONG Shengkai;SHANG Yong;ZHANG Ji;GUO Xiping;LIN Junpin;ZHAO Xihong(School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;High Temperature Materials Research Institute, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China;State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Poly technical University, Xi'an 710072, China;State Key Laboratory fo r Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100191 [2]钢铁研究总院高温材料研究所,北京100081 [3]西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室,西安710072 [4]北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京100083 [5]中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京100095

出　　处：《金属学报》2019年第9期1067-1076,共10页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51671015;51771007;国家科技重大专项项目Nos.2017-Ⅵ-0011-0083、2017-Ⅵ-0012-0084~~

摘　　要：金属间化合物是由2种或2种以上金属元素或金属元素与类金属元素按照一定原子比组成的化合物。共价键、金属键共存的特点使得金属间化合物在较长范围内存在长程有序的超晶格结构。在高温下,金属间化合物的位错迁移率相对降低,从而具有较高的高温强度。典型的结构金属间化合物如Ti-Al、Ni-Al、Nb-Si有着优异的高温强度和较低的密度,非常适合应用于航空航天器的高温结构件中。但此类材料也存在室温断裂韧性较低、高温抗氧化性能差等问题,使其在应用上受到限制,也成为该领域研究的难点与重点。本文着重介绍近年来我国Ti-Al、Ni-Al、Nb-Si系结构金属间化合物基合金在高温强化、增韧、抗氧化、制备技术等方面的研究进展与应用现状。Intermetallics is composed of two or more metals or of a metal and a nonmetal. The coexistence of covalent and metal bond makes the intermetallic compound have long-term ordered superlattice structure, which greatly reduces dislocation mobility at high temperature, thus exhibiting good high-temperature strength. Typical structural intermetallics such as Ti-Al, Ni-Al and Nb-Si, have the advan-tages of excellent high-temperature strength and low density, which are very suitable for high-temperature structural parts of aerospace. However, the application of such materials is limited by low fracture toughness at room temperature and poor oxidation resistance at high temperature, which attracts more and more attentions and brings challenges in this field. In this paper, the research and application status in high-temperature strengthening, toughening, oxidation resistance and preparation technology of Ti-Al, Ni-Al, Nb-Si intermetallics-based alloys are introduced.

关 键 词：金属间化合物 耐高温性能 力学性能 合金化设计 抗氧化性 

分 类 号：TG113.1[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]