海水养殖尾水直排对河道沉积物细菌群落的影响  

Bacterial Community Composition in Channel Sediment in Response to Mariculture Wastewater Drainage

作　　者：胡越航 宣丽霞 裘琼芬[1] HU Yue-hang;XUAN Li-xia;QIU Qiong-fen(School of Marine Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第9期4185-4194,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：宁波市农业重大项目(2017C110007)

摘　　要：海水养殖活动对周边水域沉积物生态环境的影响日益受到关注,微生物群落是反映环境质量变化的一个重要指标.本研究采集了养殖区进出水河道4个位点(1个进水渠位点、出水口和2个出水渠位点)的沉积物,通过Illumina MiSeq测序技术测定细菌16S rRNA基因,利用磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)技术对沉积物中的微生物群落进行半定量分析,研究海水养殖尾水直接排放对河道沉积物细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明,4个位点中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势细菌类型,主要包括γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)和α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria).受养殖尾水排放影响,沉积物微生物生物量明显升高,放线菌门相对丰度降低而拟杆菌门相对丰度升高,氨氧化微生物相对丰度降低.非度量多维尺度(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)分析表明大部分沉积物细菌群落按位点聚类.多样性分析表明,未受养殖尾水影响的沉积物细菌群落多样性高于受养殖尾水影响的位点.冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)表明氨氮与底泥沉积物细菌群落结构的相关性最大,对细菌群落的影响最明显.综上,养殖废水直排明显改变了养殖场河道沉积物物理化学性质和细菌群落结构,说明养殖废水的长期直排已严重污染河道环境,并可能会进一步对近海生态环境造成威胁.The impact of mariculture on the ecological environment of sediments in surrounding waters is intensely debated.Microbial communities are considered to be keystone indicators of lineage responses to changes in environmental quality.To examine the mariculture effects,we collected channel sediment from four sites in the culture area including oneintake canal,one outfall,and two outlet canals.On the basis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technology,we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing applied to the analysis results to explore the effects of mariculture wastewater drainage on the bacterial community structures in the sediment.The results revealed that Proteobacteria,including γ-Proteobacteria,δ-Proteobacteria,and α-Proteobacteria,were the dominant lineages of bacteria at the four sites.The microbial biomass of the sediment increased significantly owing to the effects of mariculture wastewater drainage.The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and ammoniated microorganisms decreased,whereas the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased.The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that most of the sediment bacterial communities clustered by influent and effluent.The diversity indicated that the mariculture wastewater drainage decreased the bacterial diversity,and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the most obvious correlation occurred between ammonia nitrogen and bacterial community structures.In summary,the mariculture wastewater drainage resulted in significant changes in the physical and chemical properties and structures of bacterial communities in the aquaculture channel sediment.This indicates that the long-term direct discharge of aquaculture wastewater would excessively contaminate a channel environment and might further pose a threat to the offshore ecological environment.

关 键 词：养殖尾水 细菌群落 多样性 高通量测序 磷脂脂肪酸分析(PLFA) 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]