根据SSD推导PFOS沉积物质量基准及其在生态风险评估中的应用  

Derivation of Sediment Quality Criteria of PFOS based on SSD and Its Application in Ecological Risk Assessment

作　　者：吴自豪 张彦峰[1] 陈心悦 祝凌燕[1] WU Zihao;ZHANG Yanfeng;CHEN Xinyue;ZHU Lingyan(Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2019年第9期1448-1455,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07301002);天津市科委项目(No.16PTSYJC00020)~~

摘　　要：沉积物中蓄积的PFOS(perfluorooctane sulfonate,全氟辛烷磺酸)对水体生态环境具有潜在的危害.为了合理评估沉积物中PFOS的危害,探究了沉积物中PFOS对摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)、钩虾(Hyalella azteca)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)等底栖生物的毒性效应;同时,以毒性试验结果和搜集的PFOS相关毒性数据为基础,利用SSD(species sensitivity distributions,物种敏感度分布法)推导PFOS沉积物质量基准;最后,将基准值与从文献中搜集得到的我国七大水系沉积物中w(PFOS)进行比较,以评估PFOS风险.结果表明:①沉积物中PFOS对摇蚊的毒性效应最为显著,其96 h、10 d、21 d毒性试验中LC 50分别为0.894、0.770和0.536μg/g(以干质量计,下同);10 d毒性试验中w(PFOS)最高值为156.5μg/g时,钩虾未出现显著死亡,21 d毒性试验中LC 50为70.5μg/g;在w(PFOS)最高值分别为112.4和76.4μg/g的10和21 d毒性试验中,霍甫水丝蚓均未出现显著死亡.②沉积物中PFOS的CMC sed(急性基准值)为28.6μg/g,CCC sed(慢性基准值)为0.060μg/g.③我国七大水系96.0%的沉积物中w(PFOS)低于CCC sed;其余的沉积物中w(PFOS)高于CCC sed但低于CMC sed,这些采样点主要分布在黄河中下游和长江下游.研究显示,我国七大水系沉积物中PFOS总体风险较低,但黄河中下游和长江下游沉积物中蓄积的PFOS可能具有潜在的风险,需要给予更多的关注.The accumulation of PFOS(perfluorooctane sulfonate)in sediments has a potential hazard to the aquatic ecosystem.In order to evaluate the adverse effects of PFOS in sediments,the toxic effects of PFOS in sediments on benthic organisms,including Chironomus kiiensis,Hyalella azteca and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,were investigated using mortality and growth-inhibition as toxic endpoints.Based on the results of toxicity experiments and collected toxicity data from the references,the sediment quality criteria(SQC)of PFOS was derived by species sensitivity distributions(SSD).Based on the obtained SQCs of PFOS,the ecological risk of PFOS in the sediments of seven major river systems in China was evaluated.The results showed that:(1)The toxic effect of PFOS on Chironomus kiiensis was the most significant,and the LC 50 values were 0.894,0.770 and 0.536μg/g for the 96 h,10 d and 21 d toxicity tests,respectively.No death was observed in the 10 d toxicity test(maximum concentration 156.5μg/g)of the Hyalella azteca,while the LC 50 was 70.5μg/g in the 21 d toxicity test.As Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was used,no significant death occurred in the 10 d toxicity test(maximum concentration 112.4μg/g)and 21 d toxicity test(maximum concentration 76.4μg/g).(2)The CMC sed was 28.6μg/g and the CCC sed was 0.060μg/g.(3)The w(PFOS)was lower than CCC sed in the sediments of 96%of China′s seven major river systems,while the w(PFOS)was higher than CCC sed but lower than CMC sed in other sediments,which was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In conclusion,the overall risk of PFOS in the sediments of the seven major river systems in China is relatively low,but the PFOS in the sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River may have potential risks and need more attention.

关 键 词：PFOS 沉积物质量基准 底栖生物 毒性效应 风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]