马克思“现代悲剧”观念与中国审美现代性的展开——重读1859年马克思恩格斯致拉萨尔的信  

Marx’s Concept of "Modern tragedy" and the Development of Chinese Aesthetic Modernity——Rereading Marx and Engels’ Letter to Lassalle in 1859

作　　者：王杰[1] 王真[1] WANG Jie;WANG Zhen(Contemporary Marxist Aesthetics Research Center,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学当代马克思主义美学研究中心

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期23-31,共9页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(14AZW004)

摘　　要：马克思的现代悲剧观念与以往的任何悲剧理论的不同之处在于,马克思是从现代社会的社会矛盾及其最终解决矛盾这个意义上提出和思考现代悲剧观念问题的,把社会主义目标作为历史的必然要求,由于历史条件的限制,在社会发展过程中这一目标暂时不可实现,现代悲剧观念就是对这一冲突的艺术表现。马克思的现代悲剧观念具有深刻的悲剧人文主义对于当代社会确立理想、信念具有重要意义。马克思主义现代悲剧观念中的社会主义目标(西方学者称之为乌托邦)是中国审美现代性的核心理念。由于中国社会和文化的特殊性,由“乡愁乌托邦”和“红色乌托邦”构成的双螺旋结构成为中国审美现代性的基本结构,这一情感结构在中国社会现代化过程中释放出巨大的能量,其中的辩证张力成为中国人民在苦难深重的现代化过程中得以支撑情感和心灵,在绝望中保持希望,在失败中顽强前行的文化力量和情感支柱。这也是文艺学在中国的现代化过程中始终具有强大力量的原因。The difference between Marx's concept of modern tragedy and any previous theory of tragedy is that Marx put forward and thought about it from the sense of social contradiction in modern society and its final solution,taking the socialist goal as the inevitable requirement of history.Due to the limitation of historical conditions,this goal cannot be realized in the process of social development,so the concept of modern tragedy is the artistic expression of this conflict.Marx's concept of modern tragedy has profound tragic humanism,which is of great significance for the establishment of ideals and beliefs in contemporary society.The socialist goal in the modern tragic concept of Marxism (called utopia by western scholars) is the core idea of Chinese aesthetic modernity.Because of the particularity of Chinese society and culture,the double helix structure composed of "homesickness Utopia" and "Red Utopia" has become the basic structure of Chinese aesthetic modernity.This emotional structure has released great energy in the process of modernization of Chinese society,in which the dialectical tension has enabled the Chinese people to support their feelings and hearts in the process of suffering and modernization,and to maintain hope in despair.This is a cultural force and emotional pillar that moves forward tenaciously in the face of failure,and also the reason why the theory of literature and art has always had a strong force in the process of China's modernization.

关 键 词：现代悲剧观念 审美现代性 马克思 恩格斯 美学 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]