合成纤维的着色  

Synthetic Fiber Coloring

作　　者：宋秀山 SONG Xiushan(Original American Sunchemical)

机构地区：[1]原美国太阳化学

出　　处：《上海染料》2019年第4期10-22,共13页Shanghai Dyestuffs

摘　　要：合成纤维是以石油、煤、天然气为原料制成的,它以小分子的有机化合物为原料,经加聚反应或缩聚反应合成的线型有机高分子化合物,如聚丙烯腈、聚酯、聚酰胺等.高分子聚合物的品种很多,但并不是所有高分子聚合物都能用于纺丝,它们必须是线性高分子,具有合适的相对分子质量,且有足够的次价力,同时具有可溶性和熔融性.用于纺丝的高分子聚合物有聚酯纤维(涤纶)、聚酰胺纤维(锦纶)、聚丙烯腈纤维(腈纶)、丙烯酸纤维(丙纶)、聚乙烯醇纤维(维纶)、聚氯乙烯纤维(氯纶)等.在选择着色剂时,必须弄清其与纤维之间的几个相互关系:(1)着色剂的色彩空间;(2)着色剂的成本;(3)着色剂的溶解性或分散性;(4)与树脂的相容性;(5)着色剂的温度稳定性;(6)耐光性;(7)筛网过滤的压滤值.也对合成纤维着色的重要有机颜料做了的分析与讨论.Synthetic fiber is made of petroleum,coal and natural gas.It is a linear organic polymer compound synthesized by polyaddition or polycondensation reaction using organic compounds with small molecules,such as polyacrylonitrile,polyester and polyamide,etc.There are many varieties of high molecular polymers,but not all the high molecular polymers can be used for spinning.They must be linear polymers.They have suitable molecular weight,and have sufficient internal or external molecular attraction,as well as solubility and meltability.The high molecular polymers used for spinning are polyester fiber,polyamide fiber,polyacrylonitrile fiber,acrylic fiber,polyvinyl alcohol fiber,polyvinyl chloride fiber and so on.At the time of choosing colorants,several relationships between them and the fibers must be understood:(1)color space of the colorant,(2)cost of the colorant,(3)solubility or dispersibility of the colorant,(4)compatibility with the resin,(5)temperature stability of the colorant,(6)light resistance,(7)the back-pressure value of the screen pack filtration.A detail analysis and discussion of important organic pigments for synthetic fiber coloring was made.

关 键 词：合成纤维 着色剂 有机颜料 纺丝 耐候性 耐热性 筛网压滤值 

分 类 号：TQ620.79[化学工程—精细化工]