美国特朗普政府极限施压伊朗:内涵、动因及影响  

U.S.Trump Administration’s Maximum Pressure on Iran: Connotations,Reasons and Influences

作　　者：范鸿达[1] Fan Hongda

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中东研究中心

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2019年第5期3-21,共19页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“伊朗多民族统一国家的建构与治理研究”(2018VJX085)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：特朗普总统上台后,美国对伊朗的打压逐步升级,涵盖外交、能源、金融和军事等诸多领域,令伊朗承受了来自美国的前所未有的压力。特朗普政府对伊朗的极限施压,既是两国长期冲突的历史惯性使然,也有“全球霸权”“地区霸权”之争、以色列和沙特等国的推动、“世纪协议”即将推出,以及美国内部政治和经济利益驱动等原因,其实质是维护与巩固美国世界唯一超级大国地位。美国特朗普政府对伊朗实施的极限施压策略,一方面对伊朗的政治、社会发展和对外交往均产生了较为明显的影响,针对内政外交进行大幅度改革成为伊朗摆脱当下现实困境的最佳出路;另一方面,此举虽然加剧了美伊关系的紧张,对中东地区的和平与安全造成一些冲击,但是美伊最高决策者均无意令双边关系进一步恶化到战争的烈度,目前来看本次美伊关系危机仍然处于可控之中。Since President Trump came into power,the United States has imposed severe sanctions on Iran in political,economic,financial,diplomatic and military fields.U.S.sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran have reached the highest level.The Trump Administration’s maximum pressure on Iran was due to the historical inertia of the long-term conflict between the two countries,the controversy over global hegemony and“regional hegemony”,the lobbying of Israel and Saudi Arabia,the forthcoming launch of the Centennial Deal and the drive of political and economic interests within the United States.On the one hand,the Trump Administration’s maximum pressure strategy on Iran has had an obvious impact on Iran’s political,social development and foreign relations.The substantial reform of the country has become the best way out for Iran to extricate itself from the current predicament.On the other hand,although U.S.’maximum pressure has aggravated the tension between the United States and Iran,and caused some impact on peace and security in the Middle East,the top policymakers of the United States and Iran have no intention of further deteriorating bilateral relations to the intensity of war.At present,the crisis of U.S.-Iran relations is still under control.

关 键 词：美伊关系 特朗普 极限施压 伊朗 中东安全 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D837.3[政治法律—外交学]