基于肿瘤酸性微环境的pH成像方法的研究进展  

Research progress of pH imaging methods based on tumor acidic microenvironment

作　　者：郭晓露 阿荣 孙夕林[1,2] Guo Xiaolu;A Rong;Sun Xilin(TOF-PET/CT/MR Center,the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Heilongjiang Harbin 150028,China;Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC),Harbin Medical University,Heilongjiang Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院TOF-PET/CT/MR中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150028 [2]哈尔滨医科大学分子影像研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《现代肿瘤医学》2019年第20期3725-3729,共5页Journal of Modern Oncology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2015CB931800);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81627901,81471724)

摘　　要：肿瘤细胞外的酸性环境形成有多种原因,其中上调代谢导致的乳酸和CO2的增加,缺氧和灌注不良以及过表达的H+的转运蛋白占据主导作用。肿瘤细胞内存在p H梯度,细胞内p H(p Hi)高于胞外p H(p He)。这种梯度通过促进增殖、逃避细胞凋亡、代谢适应、迁移和侵袭来促进癌症进展。因此,我们可以通过p H来诊断肿瘤并可以确定肿瘤的恶性程度,监测治疗疗效。目前已经开发了许多基于肿瘤酸性微环境的成像方法,有可以精准测量肿瘤部位p H值的光学、核医学及磁共振的方法,还有基于磁共振诊疗一体化的p H敏感的纳米探针,用于肿瘤的诊断和治疗。本文主要探讨了肿瘤酸性微环境形成的机制以及不同类型的肿瘤酸性微环境的成像方法用于p H的精准测定和肿瘤的诊断、治疗。The extracellular acidic microenvironment of tumor is formed for a variety of reasons,among which an increase of lactic acid and CO2,hypoxia and poor perfusion,and overexpressed H+ transporters play important roles.There is a pH gradient in the tumor cells that keeps the intracellular pH(pHi) above the extracellular pH(pHe).This gradient promotes cancer progression by promoting proliferation,evading apoptosis,metabolic adaptation,migration and invasion.Therefore,we can diagnose the tumor by pH,determine the degree of malignancy of the tumor and monitor the efficacy of the treatment.Many imaging methods based on the acidic microenvironment of tumors have been developed,including optical methods,nuclear medicine methods and magnetic resonance methods that can accurately measure the pH of tumor sites,as well as pH-sensitive MRI nanoparticles that can be used to diagnose and treat tumors.This review mainly discusses the mechanism of the formation of tumor acidic microenvironment and the imaging methods of different types of tumor acidic microenvironment for the accurate determination of pH,diagnosis and treatment of tumor.

关 键 词：肿瘤酸性微环境 荧光光学成像 核医学成像 CEST pH敏感纳米颗粒 

分 类 号：R730[医药卫生—肿瘤]