青岛市18岁及以上人群精神障碍流行病学调查  

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN PEOPLE AGED 18 AND OVER IN QINGDAO,CHINA

作　　者：王春霞[1] 王立钢[1] 马晓佳[1] 孙忠国[1] 殷松[1] 黄嵘[1] WANG Chunxia;WANG Ligang;MA Xiaojia;SUN Zhongguo;YIN Song;HUANG Rong(Department of Social Prevention,Qingdao Mental Health Center,Qingdao 266034,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市精神卫生中心社会防治科

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（医学版）》2019年第5期607-610,613,共5页Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：青岛市卫生与计划生育委员会医药科研计划项目(2015-WJZD104)

摘　　要：目的 了解青岛市18岁及以上人群精神障碍的患病率及分布特点。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取青岛市≥18岁居民5410人,由精神科护士用扩展的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)进行筛查,然后由精神科医生根据美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版对筛查阳性者、因躯体疾病原因无法回答者、近1年因躯体疾病住院治疗者、因精神疾病无法完成筛查者和随机抽取的10%筛查阴性者进行诊断。结果 完成有效调查5381人。调整后精神障碍总患病率为16.17%(95%CI=15.19%~17.15%),男性患病率(19.10%)高于女性(14.12%),农村患病率(18.47%)高于城镇(15.86%),差异均有显著性(χ^2=92.25、12.34,P<0.01)。各类精神障碍患病率由高到低依次为物质使用障碍(5.84%)、心境障碍(4.57%)、焦虑障碍(4.11%)、精神病性障碍(0.82%)、器质性精神障碍(0.72%)和其他精神障碍(0.09%)。常见的特定精神障碍前3位依次为乙醇使用障碍(5.81%)、心境恶劣障碍(2.02%)和重性抑郁障碍(1.95%)。结论 精神卫生问题,特别是乙醇使用障碍、心境恶劣障碍、重性抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍,已成为青岛市突出的公共卫生问题。Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of mental disorders in people aged 18 and over in Qingdao, China. Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to randomly select 5 410 residents aged ≥18 years in Qingdao, and the subjects were screened with an expanded General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) by psychiatric nurses. After that, the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) was used by the psychiatrists to determine the diagnosis of the screen-positive subjects, those who could not respond due to physical illnesses, those who had been hospitalized for physical illness in the past year, those who could not be screened for mental illness, and 10% randomly selected screen-negative subjects. Results A total of 5 381 valid survey responses were collected. The adjusted overall prevalence of mental disorders was 16.17%(95% confidence interval=15.19%-17.15%), male prevalence (19.10%) was higher than female pre- valence (14.12%)(χ^2=92.25, P <0.01), and the prevalence in rural areas (18.47%) was significantly higher than that in urban areas (15.86%)(χ^2=12.34, P <0.01). The most prevalent types of mental disorders in descending order were substance use disorders (5.84%), mood disorders (4.57%), anxiety disorders (4.11%), psychotic disorders (0.82%), organic disorders (0.72%), and other disorders (0.09%). The three most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.81%), dysthymic disorder ( 2.02%), and major depressive disorder (1.95%). Conclusion Mental disorders, especially alcohol use disorder, dysthymic di- sorder , major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder, have been a significant public health problem in Qingdao.

关 键 词：精神障碍 流行病学研究 患病率 青岛 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R195.4[医药卫生—临床医学]