3种作物幼嫩茎叶干粉对连作辣椒幼苗生长及根际土壤生物特性的影响  

Effects of applying dry powders of three crop seedlings on pepper seedling growth and rhizosphere soil biological characteristics in continuous cropping system

作　　者：张福建[1,2] 王馨悦 陈昱 王丰[1] 范淑英 吴才君[1] ZHANG Fu-jian;WANG Xin-yue;CHEN Yu;WANG Feng;FAN Shu-ying;WU Cai-jun(Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China;Biotechnology Research Center of Shanghai Academy ofAgriculture Science, Shanghai 201106, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045 [2]上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所,上海201106

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2019年第9期1569-1576,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：江西省现代农业科研协同创新专项经费（JXXTCX2015005-002）;江西省重点研发计划项目重大项目（20161ACF60015）;江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设（JXARS-06）

摘　　要：[目的]探究 3 种作物幼嫩茎叶干粉施入对连作辣椒幼苗生长及根际土壤的影响,旨在寻找一种安全有效的缓解辣椒连作障碍的方式。[方法]以线椒‘辛香 8 号’为供试作物,在江西农业大学生态园蔬菜试验基地进行了盆栽试验。供试土壤取自江西省农业科学院试验基地辣椒连作 5 年的土壤,将芥菜、大麦苗和芹菜的幼嫩茎叶烘干粉碎后,用于处理连作土壤。设置 4 个处理,以不加任何作物幼嫩茎叶干粉的连作土为对照(CK),按 1∶50 (干重)添加芥菜粉(M)、大麦苗粉(B)和芹菜粉(C)。定植 30 天后,测定辣椒叶绿素含量和光合效率,测量植株生长状况及生物量,并分析了土壤微生物种群数量。[结果]与 CK 相比,3 个处理均能够促进辣椒幼苗的生长发育。其中以 M 和 B 处理效果最好,定植 30 天时辣椒株高、茎粗、生物量以及壮苗指数均高于对照;同时 3 个处理可以促进辣椒根系生长,与对照相比,辣椒根系长度、根系表面积以及根系体积存在显著差异。处理后辣椒叶片 PSⅡ最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际量子产量[Y (Ⅱ)]和光化学淬灭系数(qP)均有所提高,但 3 个处理对非化学淬灭系数(NQP)影响不大。M 处理的辣椒叶片叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b 和叶绿素a + b 含量均高于其他处理,较对照分别增加了 25.3%、45.4%和 30.6%。3 个处理均能够提高辣椒土壤 pH 值,分别比 CK 提高了 27.6%、24.5%和 25.4%。3 个处理均能增加土壤放线菌、细菌和总菌数量,其中放线菌数量比 CK 增加了 71.9%、73.8%和 67.5%,细菌数量比 CK 增加了 1.18%、55.5%和 30.4%,总菌数量比 CK 增加了 4.55%、57.1%、33.9%。3 个处理均能降低土壤真菌数量,降幅分别为 69.8%、68.1%和 75.8%。3 个处理均能显著降低土壤电导率,分别比 CK 降低了 44.2%、35.1%和 48.0%。处理后的辣椒土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著提高,但土壤脲酶活性要显�【Objectives】To find a safe and effective way to alleviate pepper continuous cropping obstacle, the effects of applying dry powder of three crops seedlings on pepper seedling growth and rhizosphere soil biological characteristics.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments: control treatment (CK, continuous cropping soil without application of plant dry powder), using mustard seedlings dry powder (M), barley young stem and leaf dry powder (B) and celery young stem and leaf dry powder (C).【Results】Compared with CK, three other treatments promoted the growth and development of pepper seedlings. Among them, M and B treatmens had the best treatment effect, and the height of the pepper plant at 30 days after planting was higher than that in CK. At the same time, the three treatments promoted root growth of pepper, leading to significant differences in root length, root surface area and root volume. Processed pepper leaf PSⅡ maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), PSⅡ actual quantum yield [Y (Ⅱ)] and light chemical quenching coefficient (qP) improved, but the three treatments had little impact on non chemical quenching coefficient (NQP). The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b of M treatment were higher than those in other treatments by 25.3%, 45.4% and 30.6%, respectively. All three treatments improved the pH of pepper soil by 27.6%, 24.5% and 25.4% compared to CK, respectively. The three treatments increased the amount of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and total bacteria. The amount of actinomycetes increased by 71.9%, 73.8% and 67.5%, compared with CK, the amount of bacteria increased by 1.18%, 55.5% and 30.4% compared with CK, and the total amount of bacteria increased by 4.55%, 57.1% and 33.9% compared with CK. All three treatments reduced the amount of soil fungi by 69.8%, 68.1% and 75.8%, respectively. After the treatments, the activity of sucrase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase was significantly increased, but the activity of soil urease was significant

关 键 词：芥菜粉 大麦苗粉 芹菜粉 辣椒幼苗 连作障碍 土壤微生物结构 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]