企业组织形态演进研究企业组织形态演进研究--从工业经济时代到智能经济时代  

Research on The Evolution of Enterprise Organization Form: From the Era of Industrial Economy to the Era of Intelligent Economy

作　　者：李海舰[1,2] 李燕 LI Hai-jian;LI Yan(Institute of Industrial Economics of CASS,Beijing,100836,China;Research Center for Management Science and Innovation Development of CASS,Beijing,100836,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836 [2]中国社会科学院管理科学与创新发展研究中心,北京100836

出　　处：《经济管理》2019年第10期22-36,共15页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：中国社会科学院哲学社会科学创新工程项目"新经济与中国企业管理创新研究"(2017-gjs013);中国社会科学院工业经济研究所智库课题"中国企业实现高质量发展的机制研究"(2018P01);中国社会科学院登峰战略企业管理优势学科建设项目。

摘　　要：没有最佳企业形态,只有时代企业形态。基于这一认知范式,本文以时代变化为主线梳理了新中国成立以来中国企业组织形态的演进路线:(1)传统企业形态,其本质是实体型组织,在追求内部资源配置效率最大化的前提下,产生了直线职能制、事业部制和矩阵制。(2)新型企业形态,其本质是虚拟型组织,在追求外部资源能力利用最大化的前提下,产生了内包、外包、众包和"皮包"。(3)现代企业形态,其本质是智慧型组织,在"颠覆式"变革成为新常态的背景下,产生了平台化企业和模块化企业。(4)未来企业形态,其本质是共生型组织,生态化企业、个人化企业既是智慧型组织的必然取向,也是共生型组织的基本形态。It's a basic consensus that the enterprise form and the time change have a strong correspondence.Only "keep up with The Times" and "in The Times" can enterprises survive and develop.This paper takes the enterprise organizational form since the founding of new China as the research object and divides its reform into four stages of evolution.①the traditional enterprise form,whose essence is entity organization,produces linear function system,divisional system and matrix system on the premise of maximizing internal resource allocation efficiency;②the new enterprise form,which is essentially a virtual organization,has produced insourcing enterprises,outsourcing enterprises,crowdsourcing enterprises and "leather" enterprises on the premise of maximizing the utilization of external resources and capabilities;③the modern enterprise form,whose essence is intelligent organization,has produced platform enterprises and modular enterprises under the background that subversive reform has become the new normal;④the future enterprise form,its essence is symbiotic organization,the ecological enterprise and the individualized enterprise are not only the inevitable orientation of intelligent organization,but also the basic form of symbiotic organization.Finally,it comes to the conclusion that every major technological revolution in history will break through some constraints and bottlenecks in the organizational paradigm and form a new organizational paradigm,enterprises should follow closely the "problems of The Times" brought by each technological development,place themselves in the "times" and build the time organization. According to the classical theory,the organizational form of the enterprise,as a means for the enterprise to achieve its goals,is affected by various factors inside and outside the enterprise.This paper believes that technological development has become the fundamental driving force for the transformation of organizational forms by reducing the market transaction costs of enterprises,adjusting the inte

关 键 词：实体型组织 虚拟型组织 智慧型组织 共生型组织 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]